The counseling process involves several stages: 1) building the counseling relationship, 2) working within the relationship, and 3) terminating the relationship. Within these stages are specific tasks like rapport building, problem identification, planning, problem solving, and finishing. Counselors must use different skills at each stage to effectively move the client forward in the process. Preparation, environment, documentation, and the counselor's attitude and skills also impact the effectiveness of counseling.
The counseling process involves several stages: 1) building the counseling relationship, 2) working within the relationship, and 3) terminating the relationship. Within these stages are specific tasks like rapport building, problem identification, planning, problem solving, and finishing. Counselors must use different skills at each stage to effectively move the client forward in the process. Preparation, environment, documentation, and the counselor's attitude and skills also impact the effectiveness of counseling.
The counseling process involves several stages: 1) building the counseling relationship, 2) working within the relationship, and 3) terminating the relationship. Within these stages are specific tasks like rapport building, problem identification, planning, problem solving, and finishing. Counselors must use different skills at each stage to effectively move the client forward in the process. Preparation, environment, documentation, and the counselor's attitude and skills also impact the effectiveness of counseling.
The counseling process involves several stages: 1) building the counseling relationship, 2) working within the relationship, and 3) terminating the relationship. Within these stages are specific tasks like rapport building, problem identification, planning, problem solving, and finishing. Counselors must use different skills at each stage to effectively move the client forward in the process. Preparation, environment, documentation, and the counselor's attitude and skills also impact the effectiveness of counseling.
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1of 26
at the end of this topic, you should be able to;
› state stages in counseling process
› explain important task in each stages › discuss skill required to move the process from stage to stage refers to a sense of change, movement and activity within the counseling session Gladding (2001) categorized the counseling process into; 1. building a counseling relationship 2. working in counseling relationship 3. termination the counseling relationship. Peterson & Nisenholz (1990), Egan (1982) and Brammer (1979); 1. attending – rapport building 2. exploration – problem identification 3. understanding – planning 4. action – problem solving & application 5. termination – finishing up. Maznah, Zainal (2002) subdivided it into four; 1. pre session 2. first session 3. middle session 4. final session so basically, the counseling process including all these; 4. understanding 1. attending 5. problem solving 2. rapport 6. decision making 3. Listening – JUST 7. action LISTEN!! 8. termination few things should be considered; › preparation › helper – attitude, theory, skills, limitation › physical environment – conducive, safe, quiet, privacy › documentation – case report, questionnaire as a helper, you need to prepare what info is needed and develop a questionnaire or form to distributed to client; › what info you want to know › to tell more about the client › such as demographic info › data collected – can be used as statistical report 1. make the client feel welcome and comfortable; o ice-breaking – feeling at ease with the helper o Myers (2002) – set aside own agendas, focus on the client, listening to the story and presenting issues o rapport building – genuine interest in client, accepting as a unique person 2. relationship building; o Ivey and Ivey (1999); helper – attending the client welcoming the client – ice-breaking opening statement – eg; ‘I feel good to have you’. initiate interview process – as things relevant to client’s background invite client to talk – eg; ‘what brings you in here..’ structuring – important skills. attending skill can be presented thru; 1. verbal behavior – includes micro skills e.g; -probing, requesting clarification, paraphrase, reflection. 2. non-verbal behavior – non-spoken action to communicate what is not said (but is there!), e.g.; smiling (not grinning), making eye contact, nodding. Egan (1988) introduces SOLER. SOLER What is SOLER? SOLER known as exploration or working stage most crucial stage. depends a lot on the working alliance in the initial stage from exploring identifying goal and discussion on alternatives helper will use variety skills that bring about client changes new thinking, new behavior, new feeling. activities in this stage; 1. exploration – getting more info on presenting problem, real problem 2. know and understand the problem – help client identify main issues 3. ‘tree not branches’ – what is the real problem in here? 4. developing goal – what client wants at the end? 5. stating the goal - state the goal of helping as it will become the contract between helper and client. 6. generating alternatives or choices – help client do the brainstorming what can he do to solve the problem? client exhausted his options? only then suggest alternatives. 7. problem solving and decision making 8. tentative action plan – discuss tentative alternative the client plan to carry out. conclusion; at this stage – client begins to; 1. explore the real problem 2. being less defensive 3. her/his problem gets clearer 4. aware of feelings 5. being more self-disclosure and the helper will progressively; 1. work to establish trust 2. show concern and caring 3. empathy 4. respect 5. warmth 6. giving feedback 7. and summarizes. at this stage, helper will discuss on client’s action plan that he/she discovered at the end of the middle stage initially; client already decided on action plan helper will encourage client to take action how and when to initiate the plan finally, is to end the session by doing termination Yalom (1995) – termination is more than the act signifying the end of counseling, but also acts as a motivator. 2 types; 1. termination of session 2. termination of counseling relationship 1. termination of session; › client should be informed during the structuring he/she is having a period of time and should use the time effectively. › by end of the session, helper and client will set up the next appointment to continue the session. 2. termination of counseling relationship; › issue concerning – when to terminate and who initiate the termination. › termination should be well planned, not abrupt and must be clear to the client before the process is initiated. › for helper – termination can be made when client has achieved the goal. Function of Termination; 1. as a signal that something is ended 2. as a method of maintaining changes previously achieved and generalizing problem-solving skills obtained in counseling 3. as a reminder that client has matured most successful clients (Schofield, 1964); less successful client; › Y – young › H – homely › A – attractive › O – old › V – verbal › U – unintelligent › I – intelligent › N – non-verbal › S - successful › D – disadvantaged. Okun (2002) stressed on the importance of helper’s personality characteristics and styles of functioning, it is; › self-awareness › honestly › congruence › ability to communicate well › knowledgeable 1. helping definite structure and phases 2. counseling is a client-oriented, help others to move a step to another 3. there are specific skills to be use at each stages, must be mastered by the helper 4. factor contribute to effectiveness of helping; a) the helper b) the client c) the process