Computer Networks Basics of Network and Networking: Unit - 1

Date:
Computer
Unit - 1
Networks
Basics of Network and
Networking
Presented By:
Rubal Sagwal
Department of Computer Engineering
NIT, Kurukshetra
Book Ref :
Data Communication and Networking
(Behrouz A. Forouzan)
Rubal_CN 1
Contents
• Introduction
• Types of network
• Network basic terminology
• Types of network architecture
• Workgroup
• Domain
Rubal_CN 2
Introduction
Network – Computer Network – Advantages
Rubal_CN 3
Networ
k
• WHAT?
 A group or system of interconnected people or things.
• Why?
 Connection
 Communication
• Where?
 When we need to transfer anything.
Rubal_CN 4
Computer
Network
• A computer network is a set of devices (often
referred to as node) connected by communication
links.
• A node can be a computer, printer or any other
device capable of sending or receiving data
generated by other nodes on the network.
Rubal_CN 5
Computer
Network
Rubal_CN 6
Networkin
g
• Networking is a process of communication between
two or more remote parties, that involves the
connection of computers, media and networking
devices.
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Network
Applications
Network
Application
Rubal_CN 8
Advantages of
Networking
• Easy communication
• File, data and information sharing
• Resource sharing (hardware)
• Increase storage capacity
• Reduce cost
• Save time
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Types of
Networks
Physical Structure – LAN – WAN – MAN
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Types of
Network
1. Point to Point:
2. Multipoint:
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Categories of
Network
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Network
Criteria
• Performance
 Transit Time
 Response Time
• Reliability
 Recovery from a failure
• Security
 Protecting data from:
• Unauthorized User
• Damage
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Network Terms
Host– Workstation– Server– Client– Node
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Hos
t
• A network host is a computer or other device
connected to a computer network.
• A network host may offer information resources,
services, and applications to users or others nodes
on the network.
Rubal_CN 15
Workstation
• A workstation (WS) is a computer dedicated to a

user or group of users engaged in business or
professional work.
• It includes one or more high resolution displays and
a faster processor than a personal computer (PC).
• Useful for Distributed Computing.
• Different from PC:
• Faster
• More capable
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Client and
Server
Rubal_CN 17
Client and
Server
• For process to process commutation we need Client
Server Paradigm.
• A process on local host, called a client, needs
services from a process usually on the remote host
called a server.
• So, a server is an a computer program that accepts
and responds to requests made by another
program, known as a client.
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Node
• A node can be a computer or some other device

such as printer that can receive, create, store or
send data along distributed network routes.
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Types of
Network
Architecture
Peer to Peer – Client Server Model
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Peer-to-Peer Network
• A peer-to-peer network is one in which two or

more PCs share files and access to devices such as
printers without requiring a separate server
computer or server software.
Client-Server Network
• In client-server model, where client request for a
service to a server and server replies according to
client request.
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Data Flow
Simplex – Half Duplex – Full Duplex
ADAD 22
Simplex
Mode
• In Simplex mode:
• Communication is unidirectional,
• Only one can transmit and other can receive.
• Ex: keyboard and monitor
Direction of Data
Simplex Communication Structure
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Half-Duplex
Mode
• In Half Duplex mode:
• Both can transmit and receive,
• But not at a same time.
• At a time, only one can send or receive.
• Ex: Walkie-talkies
Direction of Data at time 1
Direction of Data at time 2
Half Duplex Communication Structure
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Full-Duplex (Duplex)
Mode
• In Full Duplex mode:
• Both station can transmit and receive simultaneously,
• But at a same time.
• Ex: Telephone Networks
Direction of Data
Full Duplex Communication Structure
Rubal_CN 25
Workgroup Vs.
Domain
Workgroup – Domain
ADAD 26
Workgroup
• A workgroup is a peer-to-peer network using

common software. A workgroup allows all
participating and connected systems to access
shared resources such as files, system resources
and printers.
Domain
• In a domain is a subnetwork made up of a group of
clients and servers under the control of one central
security database.
Rubal_CN 27
Workgroup Vs
Domain
Domain Workgroup
• Computers on workplace networks • Computers on home networks are
are usually part of a domain. usually part of a workgroup.
• One or more computers are server. • All computers are peers.
• For data security. • No data security.
Rubal_CN 28
Summer
y
• Have studied about Network.
• Networking
• Networking Terms
• Data flow in a Network
• Network architecture
• Work group and Domain.
Rubal_CN 29

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• A workstation (WS) is a computer dedicated to a

• A node can be a computer or some other device

• A peer-to-peer network is one in which two or

Simplex Communication Structure

Direction of Data at time 1

Direction of Data at time 2

Half Duplex Communication Structure

Full Duplex Communication Structure

• A workgroup is a peer-to-peer network using

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