Quiz:: Match The Description/ Concepts in Column A With The Philosophers/ Theorists in Column B

QUIZ: MATCH THE DESCRIPTION/ CONCEPTS IN COLUMN A WITH
THE PHILOSOPHERS/ THEORISTS IN COLUMN B.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. He is known for his Theory of Forms. A. Augustine
2. He claimed that the soul holds the Truth, B. Churchland
which is capable of scientific thinking. C. Descartes
3. He is famous for this phrase, “I Think, D. Freud
Therefore I Am.” E. Hume
4. He proposed that human mind at birth is a F. Kant
“tabula rasa”. G. Locke
5. He asserted that rationalism is the foundation H. Merleau-Ponty
of all knowledge. I. Plato
6. He proposed that knowledge bridges the “self” J. Ryle
and the material things together. K. Socrates
7. He practiced psychoanalysis in answering questions
about human psyche.
8. He was known for his phrase, “I Act, Therefore, I am.”
9. He was famous for his idea on Eliminative Materialism.
10. He is known for his belief on embodied subjectivity.
THE SELF AS A
PRODUCT OF MODERN
SOCIETY AMONG
OTHER
ACTIVITIES:
“Not only is the self entwined in society; it owes
society its existence in the most literal sense.”
~Theodor Adorno
Make a short video presentation by asking your

family members, friends, classmates, and even
strangers to say something about their impressions on
you. It can be positive or negative. (Minimum of 5
SOCIOLOGISTS ARE CONCERNED WITH
QUESTIONS ABOUT THE PERSON IN THE
COMMUNITY:
How does society influence you?

How do you affect society?
Who are you as a person in the community ?
Sociology posits that socially formed norms, beliefs, and

values come exist within the person to a degree where these
become natural and normal (Elwell, 2003), thus, developing
the person’s self- identity.
 Modernization has significantly changed society,
and this has affected how an individual builds and
develops his her self-identity. Pre-modern society
was centered on survival. People behaved
according to social rules and traditions while the
family and the immediate environment provided
supervision on how to get through life.
 Choosing where to live, what line of work to do,

and even who to marry was very limited
(Hermannsdóttir, 2011)
 Modernization, however, has improved people’s
living conditions. A person in the modern society
is free to choose where to live, what to do, and
who to be with. However, stability has also
decreased as traditions and traditional support
systems, such as the family, have decreased in
importance.
 In modern societies, individualism is dominant,

and developing one’s self-identity is central
KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF MODERNITY
 INDUSTRIALISM- the social relations implied in the extensive use of
material power and machinery in all processes of productions.
 CAPITALISM- a production system involving both competitive
product markets and the commodification (putting a price tag) of labor
power.
 INSTITUTIONS OF SURVEILLANCE- the massive increase of
power and reach by institutions, especially in government; and
 DYNAMISM- the most evident characteristics of a modern society.
Dynamism is characterized as having vigorous activity and progress. In
a modern society, life is not a predetermined path with limited options
based on location, family, or gender, it is a society full of possibilities.
Everything is subject to change, and changes happen much more rapidly
that ever before in human history.
SOCIAL GROUPS AND SOCIAL NETWORKS
 “People create social networks by joining social groups.”
~George Simmel
 SOCIAL GROUP- is described as having two or more
people interacting with one another, sharing similar
characteristics, and whose members identify themselves as
part of the group.
 SOCIAL NETWORK- refers to the ties or connections that link

you to your social group.
 Organic Group- is naturally occurring, and it is highly influenced by

your family. This is usually formed in traditional societies because there
is little diversity in these communities.
 Sociologist George Simmel stated that you join these groups because
your family is also a part of it, in the first place. He called it organic
motivation. Simmel noted that the positive effect of organic groups is
rootedness. This means the foundation of the social network runs deep,
thus, giving the person a sense of belongingness. The downside, however,
is that organic group imply less freedom and greater social conformity.
You are expected to act and behave according to your community’s
standards (Allan, 2012).
 Rational Group- occur in modern societies. Modern societies are made
up of different people coming from different places. The family in modern
societies is not the main motivation when joining rational social groups.
Rational groups are formed as a matter of shared self-interest, moreover,
people join these group out of their own free will. Simmel called this
rational motivation. Rational groups imply greater freedom, especially the
freedom of movement.
 Relationships based on self-interest are not as embedded as organic

relationships. Interests change and when they do, group members change.
The relationship between rational social networks is tenuous, and the person
feels no meaningful connection with the others (Allan, 2012).
MEAD AND THE SOCIAL SELF
 GEORGE HERBERT MEAD
was a sociologist from the late 1800s.

He is well known for his “Theory of Social Self”.
His work focused on how the “self” is developed.
His theory is based on the perspective that the
self is a product of social interactions and
internalizing the external views along with one’s personal view
about oneself.
 Moreover, he believes that the “self” is not present at birth;

rather it develop over time through social experiences and
activities.
 He developed a concept that proposed different stages of self-
development. These are language, play, and game.
Language
According to Mead, self-development and
intimately tied. Through shared understanding of
symbols, gestures, and sound, language gives the
individual the capacity to express himself or herself
while at the same time comprehending what other
people are conveying.
Language sets the stage for self-development.
Play
The second stage for self-development is play. At
this level, individuals role-play or assume the
perspectives of others. Role-playing enables the person
to internalize some other people’s perspectives; hence,
he or she develops an understanding of how the other
people feel about themselves (and about others, too) in
a variety of situations.
Game
This stage is the level where the individual not
only internalizes the other people’s perspectives, he or
she is also abele to take into account societal rules and
adheres to it. According to Mead, the self is developed
by understanding the rule, and one must abide by it to
win the game or be successful at an activity.
TWO SIDES OF SELF: “I” AND “ME”
 Mead sees the person as an active process, not just a mere
reflection of society. He further proposed two interactive
facets of the self: the “I” and the “me”.
 The “me” and the “I” have a didactic relationship, which is
like a system of checks and balances.
 According to Mead, “me” is the product of what the person
has learned while interacting with others and with the
environment. Learned behaviors, attitudes, and even
expectations comprise the “me”. The “me” exercises social
control over the self. It sees to it that the rules are not
broken.
TWO SIDES OF SELF: “I” AND “ME”
 The “I” is part of the self that is unsocialized and
spontaneous. It is the individual’s response to the
community’s attitude toward the person.
 The “I” presents impulses and drives. It enables him or her
to express individualism and creativity.
 The “I” does not blindly follow rules. It understands when
to possibly bend or stretch the rules that govern the social
interactions. It constructs a response based on what has
been learned by the “me”.

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QUIZ: MATCH THE DESCRIPTION/ CONCEPTS IN COLUMN A WITH

THE PHILOSOPHERS/ THEORISTS IN COLUMN B.

Make a short video presentation by asking your

How does society influence you?

Sociology posits that socially formed norms, beliefs, and

 Choosing where to live, what line of work to do,

 In modern societies, individualism is dominant,

 SOCIAL NETWORK- refers to the ties or connections that link

 Organic Group- is naturally occurring, and it is highly influenced by

 Relationships based on self-interest are not as embedded as organic

 GEORGE HERBERT MEAD

was a sociologist from the late 1800s.

 Moreover, he believes that the “self” is not present at birth;

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