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    Ca. Colorektal

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    christin
    The document discusses colorectal cancer, including its causes, symptoms, stages, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment options. It notes that colorectal cancer usually begins as non-cancerous polyps that can develop into tumors. Screening tests like colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and stool tests are effective for detecting early-stage cancers. Treatment depends on the cancer's stage but may involve surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapies. The earlier colorectal cancer is detected, the higher the chances of successful treatment and survival.

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    Ca. Colorektal

    Uploaded by

    christin
    26 views30 pages
    The document discusses colorectal cancer, including its causes, symptoms, stages, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment options. It notes that colorectal cancer usually begins as non-cancerous polyps that can develop into tumors. Screening tests like colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and stool tests are effective for detecting early-stage cancers. Treatment depends on the cancer's stage but may involve surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapies. The earlier colorectal cancer is detected, the higher the chances of successful treatment and survival.

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    The document discusses colorectal cancer, including its causes, symptoms, stages, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment options. It notes that colorectal cancer usually begins as non-cancerous polyps that can develop into tumors. Screening tests like colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and stool tests are effective for detecting early-stage cancers. Treatment depends on the cancer's stage but may involve surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapies. The earlier colorectal cancer is detected, the higher the chances of successful treatment and survival.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    26 views30 pages

    Ca. Colorektal

    Uploaded by

    christin
    The document discusses colorectal cancer, including its causes, symptoms, stages, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment options. It notes that colorectal cancer usually begins as non-cancerous polyps that can develop into tumors. Screening tests like colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and stool tests are effective for detecting early-stage cancers. Treatment depends on the cancer's stage but may involve surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapies. The earlier colorectal cancer is detected, the higher the chances of successful treatment and survival.

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    Kanker Kolorektal

    Apa itu kanker kolorektal?

    *Biasanya dimulai dalam bentuk polip (non cancerous) yang dapat berubah menjadi tumor/carcinoma (cancerous).
    Apakah Fungsi dari Kolon dan Rektum?
     Usus besar terdiri dari kolon dan rektum
     Fungsi utama usus besar adalah untuk mengubah
    feses yang masih likuid, menjadi lebih padat.
    Gejala & Tanda Kanker Kolorektal

     Diare
     Konstipasi Persisten
     Darah pada feses
     Nyeri perut
     Lemah & lemas
     Anemia, penurunan berat
    badan yang tidak diketahui
    penyebabnya.
    Diagnostik Penunjang

    • Tes Darah : (CBC, Liver Function, CEA Test)

    • Tes Feses : FOBT, M2PK

    • Biopsi : Anuskopi /Kolonoskopi

    • Imaging : Chest X-Ray (Metastasis Paru)


    USG (metastasis hati)
    CT-Scan / MRI
    PET-Scan
    Faktor Resiko Kanker Kolorektal

    • Polip di daerah usus besar yang merupakan lesi pra-kanker, 10% polip
    mempunyai kemungkinan menjadi karsinoma (ganas)
    • Umur
    • Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
    • Makanan tinggi lemak jenuh (daging merah)
    • Riwayat kanker pada keluarga
    • Obesitas
    • Merokok
    • Ras (Orang berkulit hitam cenderung memiliki kemungkinan terkena yang
    lebih tinggi)
    Bagaimana stadium pada kanker kolorektal?
    Stage 0 Colorectal Cancer

     Known as “cancer in situ,” meaning


    the cancer is located in the mucosa
    (moist tissue lining the colon or
    rectum)

     Removal of the polyp (polypectomy)


    is the usual treatment
    Stage I Colorectal Cancer

     The cancer has grown through the


    mucosa (tissue lining the colon or
    rectum) and invaded the muscularis
    (muscular coat)

     Treatment is surgery to remove the


    tumor and some surrounding lymph
    nodes
    Stage II Colorectal Cancer

     The cancer has grown beyond


    the muscularis of the colon or
    rectum but has not spread to
    the lymph nodes

     Stage II colon cancer is


    treated with surgery and, in
    some cases, chemotherapy
    after surgery

     Stage II rectal cancer is


    treated with surgery, radiation
    therapy, and chemotherapy
    Stage III Colorectal Cancer

     The cancer has spread to the


    regional lymph nodes (lymph
    nodes near the colon and
    rectum)

     Stage III colon cancer is


    treated with surgery and
    chemotherapy

     Stage III rectal cancer is


    treated with surgery, radiation
    therapy, and chemotherapy
    Stage IV Colorectal Cancer

     The cancer has spread outside


    of the colon or rectum to
    other areas of the body
     Stage IV cancer is treated
    with chemotherapy. Surgery
    to remove the colon or rectal
    tumor may or may not be
    done
     Additional surgery to remove
    metastases may also be done
    in carefully selected patients
    Angka kejadian dan kematian karena kanker
    kolorektal
    Deteksi Dini Kanker
    Kolorektal
    Kanker Kolorektal dan Deteksi Dini

    • Kanker kolorektal dapat dicegah melalui pemeriksaan (screening) berkala,


    dan pengangkatan polip jika ditemukan.
    • Diagnosis awal berarti meningkatkan kemungkinan kesuksesan terapi.
    • Pemeriksaan berkala (Screening) sebaiknya dimulai pada umur 50 tahun (45
    tahun pada orang kulit hitam), atau lebih cepat jika mempunyai riwayat
    kanker kolorektal pada keluarga atau pernah terdiagnosis IBD
    (Inflammatory Bowel Disease)
    Tes untuk mendeteksi kanker kolon

    • Pemeriksaan Colok Dubur , diindikasikan jika seseorang mengalami BAB


    berdarah,untuk membedakan wasir(lunak), dan kanker (keras)
    • Kolonoskopi & sigmoidoskopi
    • Double contrast barium enema
    • Stool test (pemeriksaan darah samar pada feses)

    Keempat tes tersebut efektif untuk mendeteksi kanker stadium dini, sehingga
    pengobatan akan lebih memberikan manfaat.
    Pemeriksaan Colok Dubur

     Digital rectal examination (DRE) dapat digunakan sebagai pemeriksaan


    skrining awal.

     Kurang lebih 75 % karsinoma rektum dapat dipalpasi pada pemeriksaan


    rektal pemeriksaan digital akan mengenali tumor yang terletak sekitar 10
    cm dari rektum, tumor akan teraba keras dan menggaung. 
    Fecal Occult Blood Test/Pemeriksaan
    Darah Samar pada Feses

     Pemeriksaan ini bersifat invasif yang dapat mendeteksi adanya darah samar
    pada feses
    Kolonoskopi & Sigmoidoskopi

     Kolonoskopi berguna untuk mendeteksi kelainan pada usus besar


    Barium Enema

    Kanker usus besar Kanker rektum


    Prognosis Kanker
    Kolorektal
    5 year Survival rates kanker kolon menurut stage

    Stage 5-year Observed


    Survival Rate

    I 74%

    IIA 67%

    IIB 59%

    IIC 37%

    IIIA 73%*

    IIIB 46%*

    IIIC 28%

    IV 6%

    7th edition of the AJCC staging manual 2010


    5 year Survival rates kanker rektal menurut stage

    Stage 5-year Observed


    Survival Rate

    I 74%
    IIA 65%
    IIB 52% 7th edition of the AJCC staging manual 2010

    IIC 32%
    IIIA 74%*
    IIIB 45%*
    IIIC 33%
    IV 6%
    Sebagian besar pasien terlambat terdiagnosis sehingga lebih
    sulit untuk diobati dan harapan hidup menjadi lebih sedikit

    Angka harapan hidup pasien kanker kolorektal bergantung pada stadium pada saat
    kanker tersebut terdiagnosis
    Pengobatan
    Kanker Kolorektal
    Pilihan pengobatan termasuk pembedahan, kemoterapi,
    dan terapi agen biologis

    Pilihan Terapi Standar untuk kanker kolorektal stages 0 – III :

    Stage (TNM Staging Criteria) Standard Treatment Options 


    Stage 0 Pembedahan

    Stage I Pembedahan

    Stage II Pembedahan

    Stage III Pembedahan

    Adjuvant Kemoterapi
    Pilihan Terapi untuk Stage IV and Recurrent Kanker
    Kolorektal Rekuren

    Stage (TNM Staging Criteria) Treatment Options  

    Treatment of Liver Metastasis Pembedahan


    Kemoterapi Neoadjuvan

    Lokal Ablasi

    Kemoterapi Adjuvan

    Kemoterapi Intra arterial

    Treatment of Stage IV dan Kanker Pembedahan


    Kolorektal Rekuren Kemoterapi dan Targeted Terapi

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