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    S Parameters

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    Asst. Prof., ECE Vel Tech, Chennai
    The document defines S-parameters as a way to characterize the input and output properties of an electrical network. S-parameters describe the response of each output port to signals sent into each input port. They are represented by an S-matrix with coefficients Sij that give the amplitude and phase of waves transmitted between ports i and j. The properties of S-matrices depend on factors like the network characteristics, frequencies measured, and impedances of connected loads and sources.

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    S Parameters

    Uploaded by

    Asst. Prof., ECE Vel Tech, Chennai
    302 views16 pages
    The document defines S-parameters as a way to characterize the input and output properties of an electrical network. S-parameters describe the response of each output port to signals sent into each input port. They are represented by an S-matrix with coefficients Sij that give the amplitude and phase of waves transmitted between ports i and j. The properties of S-matrices depend on factors like the network characteristics, frequencies measured, and impedances of connected loads and sources.

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    S parameters.ppt

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    The document defines S-parameters as a way to characterize the input and output properties of an electrical network. S-parameters describe the response of each output port to signals sent into each input port. They are represented by an S-matrix with coefficients Sij that give the amplitude and phase of waves transmitted between ports i and j. The properties of S-matrices depend on factors like the network characteristics, frequencies measured, and impedances of connected loads and sources.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    302 views16 pages

    S Parameters

    Uploaded by

    Asst. Prof., ECE Vel Tech, Chennai
    The document defines S-parameters as a way to characterize the input and output properties of an electrical network. S-parameters describe the response of each output port to signals sent into each input port. They are represented by an S-matrix with coefficients Sij that give the amplitude and phase of waves transmitted between ports i and j. The properties of S-matrices depend on factors like the network characteristics, frequencies measured, and impedances of connected loads and sources.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 16

     Definition of S-Parameter

     Characteristics which affect S-Parameter


     Representation of a network
     Formulation of S Parameter
     Formulation of S Matrix
     Characteristics of S Matrix
     Representation of S Matrix for 4 port network

    S Parameters 2
     It describes the response of an N-port network to
    signal(s) incident to any or all of the ports.
     The first number in the subscript refers to the
    responding port, while the second number refers
    to the incident port.
     Example: Sij

     where “i” refers to responding or output port.


    “j” refers to input port.
     S-parameters are complex (i.e. they have magnitude
    and angle)
     Value of |S |varies between 0 and 1.
    S Parameters 3
    S-parameters depend upon:
    • Network and the characteristic impedances of the source and
    load.

    • Frequency measured at.

    i.e.

    if the network is changed, the S-parameters change.

    if the frequency is changed, the S-parameters change.

    if the load impedance is changed, the S-parameters change.

    if the source impedance is changed, the S-parameters change.

    S Parameters 4
    A network may have any number of ports.

    •Fig 1 shows a simple


    2-port network.
    Network
    •Network can be:

    •a resistor
    Fig 1 – Simple representation of 2 port network

    •a transmission line

    •an integrated circuit

    S Parameters 5
    S-parameters are measured by sending a single
    frequency signal into the network and detecting
    what waves exit from each port.

    Power, voltage and current can be considered to be in


    the form of waves travelling in both directions.

    Network

    Fig 2 – Two port network with incident wave

    S Parameters 6
    For a wave incident on Port 1,some part of this signal
    reflects back out of that port and some portion of the signal
    exits other ports.

    Network

    Fig 3 – Two port network showing transmitted wave

    S Parameters 7
    S11
    •S11 refers to the signal reflected at Port 1 for the signal incident at Port 1.

    •Scattering parameter S11 is the ratio of the two waves b1/a1.

    Network

    Fig 4 – Two port network showing transmitted wave at the same port

    S Parameters 8
    S21
    •S21 refers to the signal exiting at Port 2 for the signal incident at Port 1.

    •Scattering parameter S21 is the ratio of the two waves b2/a1.

    Network

    Fig 5 – Two port network showing transmitted wave at another port

    S Parameters 9
    S12
    •S12 refers to the signal exiting at Port 1 for the signal incident at Port 2.

    •Scattering parameter S12 is the ratio of the two waves b1/a2.


    S22
    •S22 refers to the signal exiting at Port 2 for the signal incident at Port 2.

    Scattering parameter S22 is the ratio of the two waves b2/a2.

    Network

    Fig 6 – Two port network showing incident and transmitted wave at different port

    S Parameters 10
    Matrix algebraic representation of 2 port S-parameters:

    Properties of S-Matrix:
    • They are symmetrical. Sij = Sji

    • Zero Diagonal Element. Sii = 0


    •Unitary property. [s] [s*] = 1
    •Phase shift property.

    S Parameters 11
    • S-matrix for an n-port network contains n2
    coefficients (S-parameters)

    •Each parameter represents a possible input-


    output path.

    •The number of rows and columns in a S-matrix


    is equal to the number of ports.

    S Parameters 12
    Diagrammatic representation of 4 port Network:

    Network

    Fig 7 – Four port network

    Matrix algebraic representation of 4 port S-parameters:

    S Parameters 13
    •It has 4 ports.
    •Signal flows only
    from:
    •P1 P2
    •P2 P3
    Fig 7 – Four port Circulator
    •P3 P4
    •P4 P1
    Where P is Port

    S Parameters 14
    Matrix algebraic representation of 4 port S-parameters:

    S Parameter constraints for 4 port Circulator

    •S11 = S22 = S33 = S44 = 0 (Diagonal elements are zero)

    •S21 => EXIST = 1 (P1 P2)

    •S32 => EXIST = 1 (P1 P2)

    •S43 => EXIST = 1 (P1 P2)

    •S14 => EXIST = 1 (P1 P2)


    S Parameters 15
    Input 1 2 3 4
    Output
    1 0 0 0 1
    2 1 0 0 0
    3 0 1 0 0
    4 0 0 1 0

    S Parameters 16

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