Loops in Python

Ch.Srilakshmi
WHAT ARE LOOPS?

•Loops are the set of

instruction which allows
us to execute a statement
or group of statements
multiple times.
DIAGRAMMATIC VIEW OF LOOP
Program runned
TYPES OF LOOP

• The different types of looping statement are:-

Loop

For loop While loop

FLOW CHART OF ‘WHILE LOOP’
EXAMPLE OF “ W H I L E LO O P ”

Q. Write a program for sum of integer upto ‘n’ by using while loop.

condition
Conditional code
AFTER PROGRAM EXECUTION
FLOWCHART of ‘for LOOP’

/condition is
false
E X A M P L E O F “ FO R LO O P ”
Q.Write a program for sum of integer upto ‘n’ by using for loop.

Actual written program

Increment factor
(in-built RANGE)

Final value

Initial value
variable
AFTER PROGRAM EXECUTION
 fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for x in fruits:
  print(x)

Output:
apple
banana
cherry
Looping Through a String

for x in "banana":
  print(x)
Output:
b
a
n
a
n
a
The break Statement

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for x in fruits:
  print(x)
  if x == "banana":
    break

Output:
apple
banana
The range() Function

The range() function returns a sequence of numbers, starting from 0 by

default, and increments by 1 (by default), and ends at a specified number.
Eg:
for x in range(6):
  print(x)
Output:
0
1
2
3
4
5
for x in range(2, 6):
  print(x)
Output:
2
3
4
5
for x in range(2, 30, 3):
  print(x)
Output:
2
5
8
11
14
17
20
23
26
29
Else in For Loop

for x in range(6):
  print(x)
else:
  print("Finally finished!")
Output:
0
1
2
3
4
5
Finally finished!
 Nested Loops

 A nested loop is a loop inside a loop.

 The "inner loop" will be executed one time for each iteration of the "outer loop":
adj = ["red", "big", "tasty"]
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for x in adj:
  for y in fruits:
    print(x, y)
Output:
red apple
red banana
red cherry
big apple
big banana
big cherry
tasty apple
tasty banana
tasty cherry
Arrays

Array is basically a data structure which can hold more than one value at a time.

It is a collection or ordered series of items at same time

Each item stored in an array is called an element.

Each location of an element in an array has a numerical index, which is used to

identify the element.

Format: array_name = array(‘type_code’,[initializer])

Type Code

Typecode Value
b Represents signed integer of size 1
byte/td>

B Represents unsigned integer of size 1

byte
c Represents character of size 1 byte

i Represents signed integer of size 2

bytes
I Represents unsigned integer of size 2
bytes
f Represents floating point of size 4
bytes
d Represents floating point of size 8
bytes
 How to create an Arrays in Python

Arrays in Python can be created after importing the array module

There are three methods to import array library

import array

Import array as arr

from array import *

 Accessing Array Element

Accessing elements using index value

Index starts from 0 to n-1where n is the number of elements

-ive index value can be used as well, -ive indexing starts from reverse order

0 1 2 3 4 5
 Example

import array as arr

a = arr.array('i', [2, 4, 6, 8])
print("First element:", a[0])
print("Second element:", a[1])
print("last element:", a[-1])

Output
First element is: 2
Second element: 4
last element: 8
 Basic Array Operations

Finding the length of an array

Adding/Changing element of an array

Removing/deleting element of an array

Array concatenation

Slicing

Looping through an array

sorting
Finding the length of an array

Number of element present in the array

Using len() function to find the length

The len() function returns an integer value that is equal to the number of elements
present in that array
Finding the length of an array

Syntax

len(array_name)

Example
from array import *
a = array('i', [2, 4, 6, 8])
print(len(a)) output
4
 Adding elements to an array

Using functions to add elements

append() is used to add a single element at the end of an array

extend() is used to add a more than one element at the end of an array

insert() is used to add an element at the specific position in an array

Example

from array import *

numbers = array('i', [1, 2, 3])

numbers.append(4)
print(numbers)

numbers.extend([5, 6, 7])
print(numbers)

numbers.insert(3,8)
print(numbers)
Output

array('i', [1, 2, 3, 4])

array('i', [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7])

array('i', [1, 2, 3, 8, 4, 5, 6, 7])

 Removing elements of an array

Functions used to removing elements of an array

pop() is used when we want to remove an element and return it.

remove() is used when we want to remove an element with a specific value

without returning it.
Example

import array as arr

numbers = arr.array('i', [10, 11, 12, 12, 13])

numbers.remove(12)
print(numbers) # Output: array('i', [10, 11, 12, 13])

numbers.pop(2) # Output: 12
print(numbers)
 Arrays Concatenation

Arrays concatenation is done using + sign

Example
import array as n

a = n.array('i', [10, 11, 12, 12, 13])

b = n.array('i', [21, 22, 35, 26,39])
c=a+b
print(c) output
array('i', [10, 11, 12, 12, 13, 21, 22, 35, 26, 39])
 Slicing an array

An array can be sliced using the : symbol

This returns a range of elements that we have specified by the index number
Example

import array as arr

numbers_list = [2, 5, 62, 5, 42, 52, 48, 5]
numbers_array = arr.array('i', numbers_list)

print(numbers_array[2:5]) # 3rd to 5th

print(numbers_array[:-5]) # beginning to 5th
print(numbers_array[5:]) # 6th to end
print(numbers_array[:]) # beginning to end
 Looping through an array

For loop used to iterates over the items of an array specified number of
times
While loop iterates the elements until a certain condition is met

Example
from array import *
numbers_list = [2, 5, 62, 5, 42, 52, 48, ]
a = array('i', numbers_list)
for x in a:
print(x)
 Sorting of an array

sort the elements of the array in ascending order

Use sorted() buit in function to sort the array

Format: sorted(array_name)
 Example

from array import *

a = array('i',[4,3,6,2,1])
b=sorted(a)
for x in b:
print(x)
Output:
1

6
 Sorting of array in descending order

Format: sorted(array_name, reverse=true)

Example:
from array import * output:
a = array('i',[4,3,6,2,1]) 6
b=sorted(a, reverse=true) 4
for x in b: 3
print(x) 2
1
Array Methods

Python has a set of built-in methods that you can use on lists/arrays.

Method Description

append() Adds an element at the end of the list

clear() Removes all the elements from the list

copy() Returns a copy of the list

count() Returns the number of elements with the specified value

extend() Add the elements of a list (or any iterable), to the end of the
current list

index() Returns the index of the first element with the specified value

insert() Adds an element at the specified position

pop() Removes the element at the specified position

remove() Removes the first item with the specified value

reverse() Reverses the order of the list

sort() Sorts the list

TYPES OF ARRAYS

As we know that arrays are of 3 types which include

1D Array
2D Array
Multi D Array
In python we use
Package Numpy
We have to install it using python tools(PIP)
First of all import library that is numpy as np
 Import numpy

There are three methods to import numpy

import numpy

import numpy as np
from numpy import *
 Example 1 D Array

# 1D Array
Import numpy as np
a = np.array([10,20,30,40,50])
print (a)

Output
array([10,20,30,40,50])
 Example 2D Array

Import numpy as np
#2D Array
#3x3 Array
B=np.array([
[10,20,30,],
[40,50,60],
[70,80,90]])
print (b)
 Example 3D Array

Import numpy as np
# 3D Array
# 3x3x3
C=np.array([
[[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]],
[[9,8,7],[6,5,4],[3,2,1]],
[[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]
])
Print (c)
Thank you