Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 19 views

    Epid Analitik-1

    Uploaded by

    Fini Andriani
    The document discusses different study designs used in epidemiology, including descriptive epidemiology, analytical epidemiology, observational studies, and experimental studies. It provides details on cross-sectional studies, case-control studies, cohort studies, randomized controlled trials, and how each study design relates exposure or risk factors to disease outcomes over time.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Epid Analitik-1

    Uploaded by

    Fini Andriani
    19 views24 pages
    The document discusses different study designs used in epidemiology, including descriptive epidemiology, analytical epidemiology, observational studies, and experimental studies. It provides details on cross-sectional studies, case-control studies, cohort studies, randomized controlled trials, and how each study design relates exposure or risk factors to disease outcomes over time.

    Original Description:

    Original Title

    EPID ANALITIK-1

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses different study designs used in epidemiology, including descriptive epidemiology, analytical epidemiology, observational studies, and experimental studies. It provides details on cross-sectional studies, case-control studies, cohort studies, randomized controlled trials, and how each study design relates exposure or risk factors to disease outcomes over time.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    19 views24 pages

    Epid Analitik-1

    Uploaded by

    Fini Andriani
    The document discusses different study designs used in epidemiology, including descriptive epidemiology, analytical epidemiology, observational studies, and experimental studies. It provides details on cross-sectional studies, case-control studies, cohort studies, randomized controlled trials, and how each study design relates exposure or risk factors to disease outcomes over time.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    EPIDEMIOLOGI

    ANALITIK
    • Formulasi konsep • Pengujian • Tentang
    faktor-faktor yang dilakukan dengan hubungan sebab
    berperan sebagai epidemiologi akibat; sebab
    penyebab analitik adalah faktor
    ditemukannya • Penelitian yang yang
    frekuensi, dilakukan terdiri mempengaruhi,
    penyebaran dari Penelitian akibat adalah
    ataupun masalah observasi; Case faktor yang
    kesehatan. control dan dipengaruhi
    • Rumusan hipotesa cohort Penelitian
    ini didapat dari eksperimen
    epidemiologi
    deskriptif
    THE EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY

    Controlled assignment Uncontrolled Assignment


    (Not Randomized)

    Experimental Studies Observational Studies

    Not randomized Randomized Sampling with Regard Sampling with Regard to


    Assignment Assignment to Disease or effect Exposure,Characteristic or Cause

    Community Clinical Cross- Prospective


    sectional
    Trials Trials and/or Studies
    Restrospective
    Studies

    Exposure or History of Exposure or


    Characteristic at Characteristic
    Time of Study (Prior to Time of
    Study)

    Cross-sectional Studies Restrospective Studies


    HEALTH
    STUDY

    OBSERVASIONAL EXPERIMEN
    (obs. In nature) (manipulation & observation)

    DESCRIPTIVE ANALYTIC EXPERIMENT


    (ekspl-desk for (analysis of (analysis of
    phenomena) dynamical CAUSATION
    Phenomena)

    CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY LONGITUDINAL STUDY


    (point-time approach) (period time approach)

    CASE CONTROL STUDY COHORT STUDY


    (Backward in time) (Cause-effect)
    DESCRIPTIVE EXPLANATORY

    EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONAL

    • Case report Controlled trial Case-Control


    • Case series • Clinical trial • Retrospective
    • Clinical series • Health-care trial • Case-referent
    • Case compar
    • Intervention
    Follow -up
    • Cohort
    • Incidence
    • Prospective Restropective follow-
    • Longitudinal up :
    Cross-sectional • Historical
    • Prevalence prospective
    • Retrospective
    cohort
    • Nonconcurrent
    follow-up
    OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES

    • Case-reports;
    • Case series studies;
    • Cross-sectional studies;
    • Case-control studies;
    • Nested Case-Control studies;
    • Cohort retrospective studies;
    • Cohort prospective studies.
    EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES
    A. TRUE EXPERIMENTAL;

    B. QUASI EXPERIMENTAL;

    C. PRA-EXPERIMENTAL.
    Different study design in relation to
    time line

    Cross
    Sectional

    Case Control Cas Cohort study


    e
    T i m e l i n e
    Rep
    Case` Series ort Clinical Trial
    CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
    (Studi Potong Melintang)

    CIRI – CIRI :
    • Satu kali amatan dalam kurun waktu tertentu,pendek
    • Menghasilkan prevalensi penyakit → kronis
    KEUNTUNGAN :
    • Dana relatif murah;
    • Staf peneliti terbatas;
    • Waktu relatif pendek;
    KEKURANGAN :
    • Informasi terbatas, hanya sesaat;
    • Kejadian penyakit hubungan sebab relatif <
    • Masih diperlukan data lain;
    • Penyakit akut tidak dianjurkan.
    .

    (1) A
    D
    B
    C E

    (2) A D
    B C
    E
    (3) A

    B D
    C E
    Begin Measure/Clasificati
    on/Compared
    RF +
    Free
    Dis.
    RF -
    Study
    Population
    RF +
    With
    Dis.
    RF -

    NOW

    CROSS – SECTIONAL STUDY


    CLASSIFIY
    AND COMPARE BEGIN

    RISK /
    FACTOR - CASES –
    (+) PEOPLE
    WITH
    RISK / DISEASE /
    FACTOR OUTCOME
    (-)

    RISK / CONTROLS-
    FACTOR
    (+) PEOPLE
    WITHOUT
    DISEASE /
    RISK / OUTCOME
    FACTOR
    (-)
    Post II Present II
    KELEBIHAN
    1 Kadang kadang merupakan satu satunya
    cara untuk kasus yang jarang atau masa
    laten/inkubasi yang panjang
    2 Hasil cepat, biaya murah
    3 Subyek penelitian sedikit
    4 Identifikasi lebih dari satu faktor resiko
    KEKURANGAN
    1 Data mengenai faktor resiko
    mengandalkan daya ingat dan atau
    catatan medik.( recall bias, memory bias,
    catatan medik sering tidak akurat)
    2 Kesalahan memilih kontrol yang tepat
    (Selection bias)
    3 Hanya berkaitan dengan satu
    penyakit/efek
    ANALISA DATA
    Odds ratio : Odds pada kasus : odds pada kontrol

    A/(A+C) B/(B+D)
    = :
    C/(A+C) D/(B+D) =A/C:B/D=AD/BC
    Start Measure / Measure
    Clasification O.C./Comp
    C
    O
    O.C.
    H
    (+) O
    R
    T
    RF O.C.
    Free of (+) (-)
    Study O.C.
    D
    Po- E
    pulation S
    RF O.C. I
    (-) (+) G
    N
    Out-C O.C.
    (+)
    Excl (-)

    I Now I I Futurre I
    Saat awal pen.

    prospektif
    FR
    (masa ini) (masa yad)

    Saat awal pen.

    retrospektif prospektif
    FR
    (masa lalu) saat ini (masa yad)
    KELEBIHAN

    1.Terbaik menerangkan hubungan antara


    faktor resiko dan efek
    2. Menentukan insiden
    3. Meneliti beberapa efek
    4. Direct calculation of relative risk

    5. Minimizes bias
    KEKURANGAN

    1. Waktunya lama, mahal.


    2. Rumit
    3. Loss to follow up
    4. Tidak efisien
    5. Etika.
    6. Sampel besar
    5.Analisa hasil
    Resiko relatif = A/ (A+B) : C/ ( C+D )
    Studi
    Population

    Selectionby
    defined criteria
    Potential Non participants
    parsticipantts (do not meet
    selection criteria)

    Invitation to
    participate
    Non
    Participants
    Participants

    Randomized

    Treatment Control
    TREATMENT

    INTENTION TO TREAT ANALYSIS

    You might also like