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Unit 4

This document provides information about various geometric transformations including translations, reflections, rotations, and dilations. It defines key terms related to each transformation and provides examples of applying the algebraic rules to represent transformations. Practice examples are provided for students to graph transformations on coordinate planes and determine the images resulting from translations, reflections, rotations, and dilations using scale factors.

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56 views

Unit 4

This document provides information about various geometric transformations including translations, reflections, rotations, and dilations. It defines key terms related to each transformation and provides examples of applying the algebraic rules to represent transformations. Practice examples are provided for students to graph transformations on coordinate planes and determine the images resulting from translations, reflections, rotations, and dilations using scale factors.

Uploaded by

api-525019368
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT 4

TRANSFORMATI
ONAL
GEOMETRY
CHAPTER 9
TRANSFORMA
TIONS AND
CONGRUENC
E
9.1
PROPERTIES OF
TRANSLATIONS
VOCABULARY
 A transformation is a function that describes a change in the position, size, or shape of a
figure.

 The input of a transformation is the preimage, and the output of a transformation is the image.

 A translation is a transformation that slides a figure along a straight line.


GET SOME GRAPHING PAPER
 Rashid drew a rectangle PQRS on a coordinate plane. He then translated the rectangle 3 units
up and 3 units to the left and labeled the image P’Q’R’S’. How do the rectangle PQRS and
rectangle P’Q’R’S’.
 P(3,0) P’( , )
 Q(3,3) Q’( , )
 R(0,3) R’( , )
 S(0,0) S’( , )
GRAPH PAPER
 A quadrilateral has vertices at K(-3,2), L(2,2), M(0,-3), N(-4,0). Graph the preimage KLMN
and the image K’L’M’N’ after a translation of 4 units to the right and three units up.
PRACTICE
 Khan Academy
 Translate Points
 Translate Shapes
 Determining Translations

 IXL
 8.P.6
 8.P.7
9.2 PROPERTIES OF
REFLECTIONS
VOCABULARY
 A reflection is a transformation that flips a figure across a line.
 The line is called the line of reflection.
 Each point and its image are the same distance from the line of reflection.

 The most common lines of reflections are:


 The y-axis, x=0.
 The x-axis, y=0.
 The line y=x, y=1x+0.
GET SOME GRAPHING PAPER
 Graph the triangle XYZ with vertices of X(1,-3), Y(4,-1), and Z(6,-5). Reflect triangle XYZ
across the x-axis. What are the locations of X’,Y’, and Z’.

 Graph quadrilateral WXYZ with vertices W(-2,-2), X(3,1), Y(5,-1), and Z(4,-6) on a coordinate
plane. Graph the reflection of the quadrilateral across the x-axis.
 W’( , )
 X’( , )
 Y’( , )
 Z’( , )
PRACTICE
 Khan Academy
 Reflecting Points
 Reflecting Shapes
 Determine Reflections

 IXL
 8.P.8
 8.P.9
 8.P.10
 8.P.11
9.3 PROPERTIES OF
ROTATIONS
VOCABULARY
 A rotation is a transformation that turns a figure around a given point called the center of
rotation.
 The center of rotation is generally the origin.
 The image has the same size and shape as the preimage.

 There are 4 rotations:


 90
 180
 270
 360

 Rotations generally go clockwise but can go counterclockwise. The directions will tell you.
 If the directions don’t tell you then assume clockwise.
GET SOME GRAPH PAPER
 Graph the quadrilateral ABCD with vertices at A(0,0), B(1,2), C(4,2), D(3,0).
 180º
 270º clockwise
 90º counterclockwise rotation followed by a 180º rotation.
PRACTICE
 GoMath Books
 Independent Practice
 295-296

 Khan Academy
 Rotate Points (basic)
 Determine Rotations (basic)

 IXL
 8.P.12
 8.P.13
9.4 ALGEBRAIC
REPRESENTATION
S OF
TRANSFORMATIO
NS
TRANSLATIONS
Translations
Right a units Add a to the x-coordinate: (x,y)→(x+a,y)
Left a units Subtract a from the x-coordinate: (x,y)→(x-a,y)
Up b units Add b to the y-coordinate: (x,y)→(x,y+b)
Down b units Subtract b from the y-coordinate: (x,y)→(x,y-b)
EXAMPLE
Vertices of △ XYZ Rule: (x+3, y-1) Vertices of △ X’Y’Z’
X(0,0) X’
Y(2,3) Y’
Z(4,-1) Z’
ROTATIONS
ROTATIONS
90º clockwise Multiply each x-coordinate by -1; then switch the x- and y- coordinates: (x,y) →
(y,-x)
90º counterclockwise Multiply each y-coordinate by -1; then switch the x- and y-coordinates: (x,y) →(-
y,x)
180º Multiply both coordinates by -1: (x,y) →(-x,-y)
EXAMPLE (90º CLOCKWISE
ROTATION)
Vertices of ABCD Rule: (y,-x) Vertices of A’B’C’D’
A(-4,2)
B(-3,4)
C(2,3)
D(0,0)
REFLECTIONS
REFLECTIONS
Across the x-axis Multiply each y-coordinate by -1: (x,y) →(x,-y)
Across the y-axis Multiply each x-coordinate by -1: (x,y) →(-x,y)
EXAMPLE (REFLECTION
ACROSS Y-AXIS)
Vertices of RSTU Rule: (-1 ・ x,y) Vertices of R’S’T’U’
R(-4,-1) R’
S(-1,-1) S’
T(-1,-3) T’
U(-4,-3) U’
DILATION
VOCABULARY
 A dilation is a transformation that produces an image that is similar to the pre-image. It is the
same shape, but a different size, either larger or smaller.
 The scale factor determines the size. It is the ratio of the side length of the image to the corresponding
side length of the pre-image.
 If the scale factor is greater than 1, the dilation is an enlargement.
 If the scale factor is less than 1, the dilation is a reduction.
 If the scale factor is equal to 1, the image is congruent to the pre-image, and the dilation is called an
identity transformation.
HOW DO WE DILATE A SHAPE?
 All we do is take the scale factor and multiply both the x and y coordinates.
 So if we had a square ABCD with vertices at A(0,0), B(4,0), C(4,4), and D(0,4) and we want
to dilate it with a scale factor of 2, all we have to do is multiply both x and y from all the
points by 2.

 A’(0x2, 0x2), B’(4x2, 0x2), C’(4x2, 4x2), D’(0x2, 4x2)


 A’(0,0), B’(8,0), C’(8,8), D’(0,8)
 Was this a Reduction or an Enlargement?
 What happened to the square?
EXAMPLE
 Triangle EFG has vertices at E(2,0), F(4,0), and G(3,4). Dilate the triangle by using a scale
factor of ½.
 What are the new vertices?
 E’
 F’
 G’

 Was the dilation an Enlargement or a Reduction?

 What happened to the triangle?


PRACTICE
 Measure Up book
 221-225
REVIEW
JEOPARDY
 You need graph paper and regular paper.
 Get in groups of three.
 https://jeopardylabs.com/play/transformations2
MEASURE UP BOOKS
 For a grade!
 258-266
 Independent
 Get graph paper, pencil, and calculator.

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