Optimization: Engineering Physics Department - Its Surabaya Email: Phone: +6282230718944

OPTIMIZATION
Totok R. Biyanto, Ph.D

ENGINEERING PHYSICS DEPARTMENT – ITS SURABAYA
Email: calltrb@gmail.com
Phone: +6282230718944
Why are engineers interested in optimization?
What benefits result from using this method rather than making decisions intuitively?
Engineers work to improve the initial design of equipment and strive to enhance the operation of
that equipment once it is installed so as to realize the largest production, the greatest profit, the
minimum cost, the least energy usage, and so on. Monetary value provides a convenient measure
of different but otherwise incompatible objectives, but not all problems have to be considered in
a monetary (cost versus revenue) framework.
In plant operations, benefits arise from improved plant performance, such as improved yields of
valuable products (or reduced yields of contaminants), reduced energy consumption, higher
processing rates, and longer times between shutdowns.
Optimization can also lead to reduced maintenance costs, less equipment wear, and better staff
utilization. In addition, intangible benefits arise from the interactions among plant operators,
engineers, and management.
It is extremely helpful to systematically identify the objective, constraints, and degrees of

freedom in a process or a plant, leading to such benefits as improved quality of design, faster and
more reliable troubleshooting, and faster decision making.
Constructio Maintenanc
R&D C Design C C Operation C
n e
• Design of
experimental • Parameter of
• Data • Size of equipment controller
reconciliation and pipe • Job scheduling • Best product quality • RCM
• Fitting data • Presusre drop • Material resources • Highest throughput • HAZOP
/modelling • Overall heat transfer • Material handling • Low energy • SIL
• Best result coefficient • Callibration consumption • Maintencance
• Etc • Thickness • Etc • Enviromental Scheduling
• OTTV friendly • Etc
• Etc • Production plannig
• Data reconciliation
• Etc
OPTIMIZATION CLASS
• Problem formlation
• Objective function
• Constraint
• Optimization variables
• Model
• Linear
• Nonlinear
• Integer
• Mix (MILP, MINLP)
• Optimization technique
• Deterministic
• Stochastic
PROCESS CONTROL
MODEL
ANALYSIS OF PIPE FLOW
Suppose you want to design a hydrocarbon piping system in a
plant between two points with no change in elevation and want
to select the optimum pipe diameter that minimizes the
combination of pipe capital costs and pump operating costs.
Prepare a model that can be used to carry out the optimization.
Identify the independent and dependent variables that affect the
optimum operating conditions. Assume the fluid properties (p,
p) are known and constant, and the value of the pipe length (L)
and mass flowrate (m) are specified. In your analysis use the
following process variables:
pipe diameter (D), fluid velocity (v), pressure drop (Ap),

friction factor (f). Solution. Intuitively one expects that an
optimum diameter can be found to minimizethe total costs. It is
clear that the four process variables are related and not
independent, but we need to examine in an organized way how
the equality constraints (models) affect the degrees of freedom.
FORMULATION OF THE OBJECTIVE FUNCTION
(PROBLEM)
The formulation of objective functions is one of the crucial steps in the application of
optimization to a practical problem
One property is the deviation of the variable yi (i designates the sample number) from the setpoint for the variable, y,. The
other property is the variability of yi from its mean y (which during a transition may not be equal to y,). If you want to
simultaneously use both criteria, you can minimize f:
the wi are weighting factors to be selected by engineering judgme
Kontrol konvensional : Error = Sp – PV

Kontrol Optimal : Q (Sp-PV) + R (MV)
Kontrol Ekonomi : Q (Sp-PV) + R (MV) + Z (produk-bahan baku)
Biaya = Biaya kapital + Biaya operasional

Biaya Operasional = Man power + Material + Energy hidrolik + Energy thermal + perawatan + dll
Pendapatan = hasil penjualan produk/jasa
Profit = Pendapatan - biaya
The symbol Fn is called the fiture worth of the investment after
year n, that is, the future value of a current investment P based
on a specific interest rate i. Equation can be rearranged to give
present value in terms of future value, that is, the present value
of one future payment F at period n
ALGORITHM
Insulation design is a classic example of overall
cost saving that is especially pertinent when fuel
costs are high. The addition of insulation should
save money through reduced heat losses; on the
other hand, the insulation material can be
expensive. The amount of added insulation
needed can be determined by optimization.
Assume that the bare surface of a vessel is at
700°F with an ambient temperature of 70°F. The
surface heat loss is 4000 Btu/(h)(ft2). Add 1 in.
of calcium silicate insulation and the loss will
drop to 250 Btu/(h)(ft2). At an installed cost of
$4.00 ft2 and a cost of energy at $5.00/106 Btu, a
savings of $164 per year (8760 hours of
operation) per square foot would be realized. A
simplified payback calculation shows a payback
period of
GENETIC ALGORITHM
Start
Initialize c1, c2, nPop, nIter
Initialize Particle Possition and Velocity
PARICEL SWAM Calculate Fitness Value Using HEN Simulation

OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM
Update Pbest and Gbest Value
Update Particle Possition and Velocity
No
Calculate And Evaluate Fitness Value Using

HEN Simulation
Is the result convergence?
Yes
Stop
START
REGISTRAT ION
PRE-QUALIFICATION
DETERMINE BOARD OF CHAMPIONS, CHA MPIONS

TRAINS A NEW DUELIST THAT AS SIMILAR AS HIMSELF
DUELIST ALGORITHM DUE L BETWEEN EACH DUELIST

(CHA MPIONS EXCLUDE D)
DETERMINE WINNERS AND LOSERS
WINNER T RA INS HIMSELF LO SER LE ARNS FROM

TO BE MORE ADVA NCE WINNER WHO BEATS HIM
NO
POST-QUALIFICATION
ELIMINATE SOME OF
WO RST DUELISTS
IS TOURNAMENT
FINISHED?
YES
END
TERIMA KASIH

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OPTIMIZATION

Totok R. Biyanto, Ph.D

It is extremely helpful to systematically identify the objective, constraints, and degrees of

pipe diameter (D), fluid velocity (v), pressure drop (Ap),

the wi are weighting factors to be selected by engineering judgme

Kontrol konvensional : Error = Sp – PV

Biaya = Biaya kapital + Biaya operasional

Initialize c1, c2, nPop, nIter

Initialize Particle Possition and Velocity

PARICEL SWAM Calculate Fitness Value Using HEN Simulation

Update Particle Possition and Velocity

Calculate And Evaluate Fitness Value Using

Is the result convergence?

DETERMINE BOARD OF CHAMPIONS, CHA MPIONS

DUELIST ALGORITHM DUE L BETWEEN EACH DUELIST

DETERMINE WINNERS AND LOSERS

WINNER T RA INS HIMSELF LO SER LE ARNS FROM

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