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    Pharmacokinetics Principles

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    ahsan naeem
    Pharmacokinetics principles relate to variations in drug concentration over time due to absorption, distribution and elimination processes. Pharmacokinetics mathematically describes concentration changes as a function of time and is useful for determining factors like extent and rate of ADME processes, dosing schedules, therapeutic versus toxic concentrations, and drug interactions. The plasma drug concentration-time profile approximates the time course of drug concentration at its site of action by measuring drug levels in blood over time. Key parameters of the profile include maximum concentration, area under the curve, time of maximum concentration, onset and duration of action.

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    Pharmacokinetics Principles

    Uploaded by

    ahsan naeem
    68 views10 pages
    Pharmacokinetics principles relate to variations in drug concentration over time due to absorption, distribution and elimination processes. Pharmacokinetics mathematically describes concentration changes as a function of time and is useful for determining factors like extent and rate of ADME processes, dosing schedules, therapeutic versus toxic concentrations, and drug interactions. The plasma drug concentration-time profile approximates the time course of drug concentration at its site of action by measuring drug levels in blood over time. Key parameters of the profile include maximum concentration, area under the curve, time of maximum concentration, onset and duration of action.

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    Pharmacokinetics principles relate to variations in drug concentration over time due to absorption, distribution and elimination processes. Pharmacokinetics mathematically describes concentration changes as a function of time and is useful for determining factors like extent and rate of ADME processes, dosing schedules, therapeutic versus toxic concentrations, and drug interactions. The plasma drug concentration-time profile approximates the time course of drug concentration at its site of action by measuring drug levels in blood over time. Key parameters of the profile include maximum concentration, area under the curve, time of maximum concentration, onset and duration of action.

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    68 views10 pages

    Pharmacokinetics Principles

    Uploaded by

    ahsan naeem
    Pharmacokinetics principles relate to variations in drug concentration over time due to absorption, distribution and elimination processes. Pharmacokinetics mathematically describes concentration changes as a function of time and is useful for determining factors like extent and rate of ADME processes, dosing schedules, therapeutic versus toxic concentrations, and drug interactions. The plasma drug concentration-time profile approximates the time course of drug concentration at its site of action by measuring drug levels in blood over time. Key parameters of the profile include maximum concentration, area under the curve, time of maximum concentration, onset and duration of action.

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    Pharmacokinetics

    Principles and Application


    • Pharmacokinetic principles relate specifically to the variations in drug concentration as a
    result of pharmacokinetic processes i.e. absorption, distribution and elimination with
    time.
    • Accordingly, pharmacokinetics may also be defined as the mathematical description of
    concentration changes of drug as a function of time.
    • Pharmacokinetic principles are useful in determination of following factors:
    • The extent and rate to which a pharmacokinetic parameter (ADME) occurs in body.
    • The dose and dosing schedule of a drug and its modification according to individual
    needs.
    • The drug concentrations which produce therapeutic and toxic effects.
    • The drug concentrations in various body fluids and tissues, and its accumulation .
    • The half-life and duration of action of a drug.
    • The effect of disease state on various Pharmacokinetic parameters.
    • The withdrawal time for meats, eggs and dairy products.
    • The nature and extent of drug interactions.
    PLASMA DRUG CONCENTRATION-TIME
    PROFILE
    • The speed of onset, intensity and duration of a pharmacological effect depend
    on the concentration of drug at its site(s) of action.

    • As it is difficult to collect tissue samples, the time course of drug


    concentration at its site of action is approximated by measuring drug
    concentrations in plasma, which can be measured with accuracy.

    • The plasma drug concentration-time curve is obtained by measuring the


    concentrations of drug in plasma taken at different time intervals after
    administration of the drug and then plotting the concentrations of drug in
    plasma (Y-axis) versus the corresponding time at which the plasma samples
    were collected (X-axis).
    • If a drug is administered by oral or extravascular (lM, SC, IP, etc.) route, it
    slowly enters the systemic circulation and plasma drug concentration
    gradually rises to a maximum (peak) level.
    • As the drug is being absorbed into blood, it is distributed to body tissues
    and may also simultaneously being eliminated.
    • The ascending portion of the curve to left of peak represents the absorption
    phase.
    • Generally the distribution phase of a non-intravenous dose is masked by
    the absorption phase.
    • The descending section of the curve to right of peak generally represents
    the elimination phase.
    • The rate or velocity with which absorption and elimination processes occur
    is given by the respective slopes of curve and are expressed by absorption
    rate constant (Ka) and elimination rate constant (β), respectively.
    • Minimum effective concentration (MEC)
    • Maximum safe concentration (MSC) or Minimum toxic concentration
    (MTC)
    • Maximum plasma concentration/Peak plasma concentration (Cmax or
    Cpmax)
    • Area under curve (AUC)
    • Peak effect
    • Time of maximum concentration/Time of peak concentration (tmax)
    • Onset of action
    • Onset time
    • Duration of action
    • Before going to start absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimi
    nation, watch the video first by clicking on following link

    • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKV5iaUVBUI
    • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-Qtd6RhfVA
    • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pWW-aq7iSa0 (Absorption)
    • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6erefsWCVxg (Distribution)
    • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ztsBn8gsfHw (Metabolism)
    • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VZRVt9r4oSM (Elimination)

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