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    Transient Ischemic Attack: - Time Based Definition: (Old Definition) Harrisons Principle of Medicine 19 Edition

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    Hermie Alexander Sia
    This document discusses transient ischemic attack (TIA), providing both old and new definitions. TIAs are brief episodes of stroke symptoms lasting less than 24 hours, though most last less than 1 hour. The new definition is based on tissue and focuses on transient neurological dysfunction caused by focal brain or retinal ischemia without acute infarction. TIAs are caused by vascular stenosis, ulceration and thrombus formation leading to embolization. Signs and symptoms vary depending on the involved arterial territory. Risk of stroke after a TIA can be assessed using the ABCD2 score. Differential diagnoses include conditions causing similar transient focal neurological symptoms. Public education and minimizing emergency response times are important for pre-hospital management of stroke.

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    Transient Ischemic Attack: - Time Based Definition: (Old Definition) Harrisons Principle of Medicine 19 Edition

    Uploaded by

    Hermie Alexander Sia
    40 views14 pages
    This document discusses transient ischemic attack (TIA), providing both old and new definitions. TIAs are brief episodes of stroke symptoms lasting less than 24 hours, though most last less than 1 hour. The new definition is based on tissue and focuses on transient neurological dysfunction caused by focal brain or retinal ischemia without acute infarction. TIAs are caused by vascular stenosis, ulceration and thrombus formation leading to embolization. Signs and symptoms vary depending on the involved arterial territory. Risk of stroke after a TIA can be assessed using the ABCD2 score. Differential diagnoses include conditions causing similar transient focal neurological symptoms. Public education and minimizing emergency response times are important for pre-hospital management of stroke.

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    Neurology notes

    Original Title

    Transient Ischemic Attack

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    This document discusses transient ischemic attack (TIA), providing both old and new definitions. TIAs are brief episodes of stroke symptoms lasting less than 24 hours, though most last less than 1 hour. The new definition is based on tissue and focuses on transient neurological dysfunction caused by focal brain or retinal ischemia without acute infarction. TIAs are caused by vascular stenosis, ulceration and thrombus formation leading to embolization. Signs and symptoms vary depending on the involved arterial territory. Risk of stroke after a TIA can be assessed using the ABCD2 score. Differential diagnoses include conditions causing similar transient focal neurological symptoms. Public education and minimizing emergency response times are important for pre-hospital management of stroke.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    40 views14 pages

    Transient Ischemic Attack: - Time Based Definition: (Old Definition) Harrisons Principle of Medicine 19 Edition

    Uploaded by

    Hermie Alexander Sia
    This document discusses transient ischemic attack (TIA), providing both old and new definitions. TIAs are brief episodes of stroke symptoms lasting less than 24 hours, though most last less than 1 hour. The new definition is based on tissue and focuses on transient neurological dysfunction caused by focal brain or retinal ischemia without acute infarction. TIAs are caused by vascular stenosis, ulceration and thrombus formation leading to embolization. Signs and symptoms vary depending on the involved arterial territory. Risk of stroke after a TIA can be assessed using the ABCD2 score. Differential diagnoses include conditions causing similar transient focal neurological symptoms. Public education and minimizing emergency response times are important for pre-hospital management of stroke.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    Transient Ischemic Attack

    • Time based definition: (old definition)


    Harrisons principle of medicine 19th edition

    TIAs are episodes of stroke symptoms that last only briefly; the
    standard definition of duration is <24 hours, but most TIAs last <1 hour.
    Adams and victor’s princlples of neurology 8th edition
    the arrest and then regression of the neurologic deficit in almost all
    except the fatal strokes. At one extreme of rapid regression is a focal
    syndrome that reverses itself entirely and dramatically over a period of
    minutes or up to an hour
    • American heart Association (old definition)

    brief episode of neurologic dysfunction <24 hours resulting from


    focal temporary cerebral ischemia
    • Tissue based definition: (new definition)
    American Heart Association (revised tissue based definition)

    Transient episode of neurological dysfunction caused by focal brain,


    spinal cord, or retinal ischemia, without acute infarction

    Any transient episode, regardless of duration, associated with a


    clinically appropriate lesion by MRI be defined as Stroke.
    Pathophysiology
    There is vascular stenosis and ulceration as a result of
    atherosclerosis* and thrombus formation.

    Embolization of fibrin-platelet material from


    atherosclerotic sites.

    The involved cerebral tissue to be at least partially


    damaged by embolism, leaving some residual signs.

    When blood flow is completely restored, brain tissue can


    recover fully
    Signs and Symptoms
    Symptoms vary with arterial territory involved.
    • Transient mononuclear blindness- ischemia in central retinal artery
    • Limb weakness, sensory loss and aphasia-territory of Carotid
    • Visual field loss or cortical blindness – TIA in posterior circulation
    Guidelines for
    Transient Ischemic
    Attack (TIA) and
    Mild Stroke –
    Stroke Society of
    the Philippines
    Guidelines for
    Transient Ischemic
    Attack (TIA) and
    Mild Stroke –
    Stroke Society of
    the Philippines
    Risk of Stroke
    following TIA

    ABCD score
    Differential Diagnosis
    Transient focal neurologic symptoms are ubiquitous in neurologic practice.

    Meningioma and Subdural Hematoma


    • Transient aphasia or speech arrest lasting from 2 min to
    several hours
    • Sensory symptoms with or without spread over the body,
    arm weakness
    • Hemiparesis
    Multiple Sclerosis
    • Transient global amnesia
    • Migraine
    • syncope
    Sources:
     Harrison’s principle of medicine 19th edition
     Adams and Victor’s principle of neurology 8th edition
     American heart association
     Stroke Society of the Philippines, CPM 5th edition
     Merritt’s Neurology 11th Edition
    Pre Hospital Management of Stroke
    1. Public health leaders, along with medical professionals and others, should design and implement public
    education programs focused on stroke systems and the need to seek emergency care (by calling 9-1-1).
    2. Activation of the 9-1-1 system by patients or other members of the public is strongly recommended. 9-1-
    1 dispatchers should make stroke a priority dispatch, and transport times should be minimized.
    3. To increase both the number of patients who are treated and the quality of care, educational stroke
    programs for physicians, hospital personnel and EMS personnel are recommended.

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