Non Destructive Testing (NDT) : GROUP: 05

Non Destructive Testing
(NDT)
GROUP: 05
GROUP MEMBERS
Motiur Rahman Rushda Rahman

201322028 201322029
Mahfuza Sultana Ahmed Shahriar

201322032 201322032
Md. Golam Sarwar

201322033
Introduction
• Base Maintenance
– Base Maintenance
– Engine Buildup Shop
– NDT
• Organogram:
Managing Director and CEO
Director Engineering an d
Material Management
Chief Engineer (Engineering

Production)
Principal Deputy Cheif

Deputy chief manager Principal
engineer Engineer Deputy Cheif
Engineer hanger engineer- IFE
(Base Engineer (line
MCC (component) complex
maintenance) maintenance)
Deputy Chief Engineer
(Base Maintainance)
Priciple Engineer
Principal Engineer Principal Engineer
Specialized Services
(Base Maintainance) (Support Shop)
Principal Engineer
(Base Maintainance)
Engineer Engineer Engineer

(Base Maintainance) (Engine Buildup Shop) NDT
• NDT section of Base Maintenance
organogram:
• Engineer officer (In charge NDT Shop)
• Engineer Officer
• Junior Inspection officer
• Mechanic
• Nondestructive testing (NDT) is the
examination of an object or material without
destroying.
• It is a wide group of analysis techniques used
in science and industry to inspect, test or
evaluate the properties of a material,
component or system without causing
damage.
Why NDT is important in aviation section?
• To look for internal changes

• To look for signs of wear or fatigue in aircraft
structure
• To find internal damage or discontinuities
Common NDT methods
1. Liquid penetrant Inspection

2. Magnetic particle Inspection
3. Eddy current Inspection
4. Ultrasonic Inspection
5. Radiography (x-ray/gamma ray) Inspection
Liquid penetrant Inspection
• Clean and dry the surface of the component
• Apply penetrant
• Remove access penetrant
• Apply developer
• Reveal the flaw pattern under white light or ultraviolet
light
• Visual inspection
• Post clean component
• Crack reporting
• Advantages:
• Provide visual evidence cracks, porosity, laps,
seams of other surface discontinuities rapidly
• Economically reliable
• Easily portable
• Can be used on aircraft or in the workshop.
• Fairly simple method
• Sensitive to fine, tight discontinuities
Limitations:
• Can detect non porus surface discontinuity
only
• Difficult to use on very rough surface
• No easy method to produce permanent record
Magnetic Particle Inspection
• Component pre-cleaning
• Introduction to magnetic field
• Examine the test object under suitable lighting
conditions
Advantages:
• Quantitative
• Can be automated, apart from viewing
• Simplicity of operation and application
• Easily portable
• It is quicker
• Limitations:
• 1. Restricted to ferromagnetic materials
• 2. Restricted to surface or near surface flaws
• 3. Not fail safe in the lack of indication could
mean no defects or process not carried out
properly
Eddy Current
• Eddy currents are electrical currents induced in a conductor by

alternating magnetic field.
• Eddy currents are circular
• Oriented perpendicular to the direction of the applied magnetic
field.
• The
a) electrical conductivity
b) magnetic permeability
c) geometry and
d) homogeneity of the test object
all affects the induced currents
• Changes in the geometry & homogeneity of
the test object will change the magnitude &
distribution of the eddy currents.
• By monitoring these changes, the presence of
cracks & other flaws can be detected.
• Advantages:
• Does not require couplant.
• Gives instantaneous response
• Is very repeatable
• Accurate for dimensional analysis of flaws
• Extremely sensitive to flaws
• Limitations:
• Applied for conductive material only
• Depth of penetration is limited
• Lack of proper calibration of machine may
occur error in crack detection
Ultrasonic Inspection
• High frequency sound waves are introduced
into a material
• They are reflected back from surfaces or flaws
• Reflected sound energy is displayed versus
time
• Thus from the reading discontinuities are
detected
Ultrasonic inspection is usually performed with
two techniques:
• Reflection or “Pulse echo” technique
• Through transmission technique. 'Pulse echo'
technique is most widely used in aircraft
maintenance inspection
Advantages:
• Thickness and length up to 30 ft can be tested
• Position, size, type of the defect can be determined
• Instant test result
• Portable
• Extremely sensible if required
• No consumables
• Capable of being fully automated
Limitations:
• No permanent record available
• The operator can decide whether the test piece
is defective or not while the test is in progress
• Indications require interpretation
• Considerable degree of skill is necessary to
obtain the fullest information from the test
• Very thin section can prove difficult
Radiographic Inspection
• One of the oldest and widely used nondestructive testing

methods
• Electromagnetic radiation such as x-rays or gamma rays is
passed through an object onto a film.
• An invisible change called a 'latent image' is produced in
film emulsion
• The areas so exposed become darker when the film is
immersed in a developing solution
• The film is next put into a fixing bath to remove the fixer
• Finally dried for interpretation and record
• Advantages:
• 1. It is used to inspect a variety of nonmetallic
parts
• 2. Excellent for detecting internal
discontinuities
• 3. Beam direction unaffected by part
geometry
• 4. No calibration required
• Disadvantages:
• 1. Radiation hazard
• 2. Limited depth penetration
• 3. Access to both side required
• 4. Orientation limitations
Conclusion
• We have discussed on five common NDT

methods and their advantages and limitations.
• We also have given a brief portrayal of Base
maintenance section of Biman Bangladesh
Airlines.
Thank you!!!

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Non Destructive Testing

Motiur Rahman Rushda Rahman

Mahfuza Sultana Ahmed Shahriar

Md. Golam Sarwar

Managing Director and CEO

Chief Engineer (Engineering

Principal Deputy Cheif

Engineer Engineer Engineer

• To look for internal changes

1. Liquid penetrant Inspection

• Eddy currents are electrical currents induced in a conductor by

• One of the oldest and widely used nondestructive testing

• We have discussed on five common NDT

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