The document discusses the historical development of higher education and science and technology in the Philippines. It traces the origins of higher education under Spanish colonial rule in the 19th century with the establishment of institutions like the University of Santo Tomas. During the American period in the early 20th century, more universities were founded including the University of the Philippines. The document also outlines the development of government agencies and policies guiding science and technology over the 20th century, with a focus on building capacity for Filipino scientists through education and research programs.
The document discusses the historical development of higher education and science and technology in the Philippines. It traces the origins of higher education under Spanish colonial rule in the 19th century with the establishment of institutions like the University of Santo Tomas. During the American period in the early 20th century, more universities were founded including the University of the Philippines. The document also outlines the development of government agencies and policies guiding science and technology over the 20th century, with a focus on building capacity for Filipino scientists through education and research programs.
The document discusses the historical development of higher education and science and technology in the Philippines. It traces the origins of higher education under Spanish colonial rule in the 19th century with the establishment of institutions like the University of Santo Tomas. During the American period in the early 20th century, more universities were founded including the University of the Philippines. The document also outlines the development of government agencies and policies guiding science and technology over the 20th century, with a focus on building capacity for Filipino scientists through education and research programs.
THE WORLD HIGHER EDUCATION AND SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
• CHED
• The agencies tasked to plan our educational
system had already been forewarned by future oriented scholars that the 21st century, would be heavily influenced by an emerging science and technology milieu. Education in the 19th Century • 1863 – Spanish government issued a significant royal decree that was enacted to reform the educational system in the Philippines.
• 1898 – birth of the first Philippine Republic. University
of Santo Tomas (Dominicans)
• In the following 18th century (UST), the faculty of
jurisprudence and canonical law was added, and in 1871, the schools of medicine and pharmacy were opened. ** • Leon Maria Guerrero – Father of the Philippine Pharmacy
• Unfortunately no Philippine educational institution
offered engineering as a course in 1898
• Religious education (Catholic faith)
• Higher education was not encouraged by the
Spanish authorities because they believed that education would give the impetus to native Filipinos to conspire and rebel against them. • The eventual opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 had a big impact on the capability of the Filipinos to study abroad (Rizal, Del Pilar, Luna’s, Lopez, Jaena, Paterno, Ponce, De los Reyes, etc.)
• 1896 – Revolution against Spain
Higher Education in the First Republic
• By a decree on October 19, 1898, the Philippine
Republic decided to create the Universidad Literaria de Filipinos as a secular, state- supported educational institution of higher learning. Higher Education in the American Period • In 1901, the Philippine Commission created a Department of Public Instruction (Act No. 74) and made a provision for the establishment of schools that would provide free primary education to Filipinos and with English as the medium of instruction.
• June 18, 1908 – the Philippine Legislature created
the University of the Philippines; the Philippine Medical School was absorbed by the University. • Pensionados – 125 young Filipino students; education package in US from the Ph Commission
• Private schools were established during the American
Period (Liceo de Manila / Manila Central University, Colegio Filipino / NU, Instituto de Manila / UM, Centro Escolar de Senioritas / CEU, and the Philippine Women’s College.
• The private school in the aggregate are big business’
and they supplement the public educational system by providing facilities which thus far the government has not had funds to supply. Higher Education in the Commonwealth • The government abolished Grade VII and instituted a “double-single session” plan to reduce the time allotment and dropping of certain subjects in the elementary schools (negative effect on college level education)
• Education, economy and society of the
Philippines was totally disrupted during the Japanese onset, World War II. Higher Education Since 1946
• University of the Philippines was determined to
be the most developed institution with quite an extensive graduate and undergraduate degree programs in all academic fields.
• DECS and CHED
Values and Visions • During nearly four centuries of Spanish rule, educational institutions were established primarily to Christianize the Filipinos, influence the elite class, and ensure the docility of Filipinos by Spanish masters.
• Fortunately, Filipinos had basked their “OWN” values,
ideas, and visions of higher education for the country.
• These principles of visions could be gleaned from the
writings of the ilustrados and leaders of the Propaganda Movement in the 19th century ** Contemporary Higher Education • Higher education is considered a means to harness, develop, and put into good use not only the productive capacities of the Filipinos but more importantly, the constructive use of their full potentials and capabilities in: (a) realizing the specific Filipino identity and strong esteem for national pride; (b) cultivating and imposing the moral fiber and spiritual harmony; (c) reaching political soundness, economic stability, and equitable social responsibility; and (d) preserving and enriching the historical and cultural foundation of the Filipinos as a distinct people and race. • National College Entrance Exam (NCEE)
• Long-Term Higher Education Development
plan, 1996-2005 – to “accelerate the development of high level professionals who will search for new knowledge, and provide leadership in various disciplines required by a dynamic and self-sustaining economy and to harness the productive capacity of the country’s human resource base towards international competitiveness.” Planning for the 21st Century • We need to apply new concepts and promote new programs that will prepare our young people and our nation as a whole for the dizzying changes that modern science and technology have made possible in our globe.
• The world of the 21st century will undergo
change even faster. Historical Development of Science and Technology in the Philippines • The American government formed the Philippine Science and Technology (S&T). It mainly focused on agriculture, health, and food processing.
• Through the establishment of the UP System
and the various S&T-related agencies and laboratories, the Bureau became effectively the training ground for Filipino scientists. • Major shift in the direction of Philippine S&T took place right after the proclamation of independence in 1946. It was put directly under the Office of the President of the Philippines and it was reorganized into an Institute of Science
• The institute suffered from lack of financial
support, planning, and coordination. • National Science and Technology Authority (NSTA) was created in 1982 for effective and efficient utilization of the outputs of R&D activities through greater chances of commercialization for outputs • Four S&T Council System: 1. Philippine Council for Health and Research and Development (PCHRD); 2. Philippine Council for Industry and Energy Research and Development (PCIERD) 3. Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCARRD); 4. National Research Council of the Philippines (NRCP) • After the bloodless EDSA Revolution in 1986, the NSTA was re-organized into what is now called the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) by the virtue of Executive Order 128
• Technology Application and Promotion Institute
(TAPI) • Comprehensive Technology Transfer and Commercialization (CTTC) • Science & Technology Agenda for National Development (STAND Philippines 200) • Indeed, the plans and programs were meant to address the “deterioration of the Philippine science since the early years of the American regime” that was rooted in the “lack of government support; dearth of scientists of high training and ability; low morale of scientists; and a lack of public awareness of science.” SEATWORK: • If you were given a chance to be a Filipino Scientist what possible invention you most probably engage in to support or contribute on the development of Science and Technology in the Philippines? Explain and why? *****