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    017A039 Unit 1.1.5.

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    Ashraya K.C.
    Lossless and lossy compression techniques can be used to reduce file sizes. Lossless compression reduces file size without losing any information, allowing the original file to be perfectly reconstructed. Lossy compression also reduces size but some information is lost, meaning reconstruction of the original file is impossible. Common lossless techniques include Huffman coding and run-length encoding, while reducing color depth is a example of lossy compression. Image file formats like JPEG, GIF, and PNG use different combinations of lossless and lossy compression methods. Video compression tackles both spatial redundancy within frames and temporal redundancy between adjacent frames. Audio and visual components of video are stored independently in a multimedia container format for synchronization.

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    017A039 Unit 1.1.5.

    Uploaded by

    Ashraya K.C.
    22 views8 pages
    Lossless and lossy compression techniques can be used to reduce file sizes. Lossless compression reduces file size without losing any information, allowing the original file to be perfectly reconstructed. Lossy compression also reduces size but some information is lost, meaning reconstruction of the original file is impossible. Common lossless techniques include Huffman coding and run-length encoding, while reducing color depth is a example of lossy compression. Image file formats like JPEG, GIF, and PNG use different combinations of lossless and lossy compression methods. Video compression tackles both spatial redundancy within frames and temporal redundancy between adjacent frames. Audio and visual components of video are stored independently in a multimedia container format for synchronization.

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    Lossless and lossy compression techniques can be used to reduce file sizes. Lossless compression reduces file size without losing any information, allowing the original file to be perfectly reconstructed. Lossy compression also reduces size but some information is lost, meaning reconstruction of the original file is impossible. Common lossless techniques include Huffman coding and run-length encoding, while reducing color depth is a example of lossy compression. Image file formats like JPEG, GIF, and PNG use different combinations of lossless and lossy compression methods. Video compression tackles both spatial redundancy within frames and temporal redundancy between adjacent frames. Audio and visual components of video are stored independently in a multimedia container format for synchronization.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    22 views8 pages

    017A039 Unit 1.1.5.

    Uploaded by

    Ashraya K.C.
    Lossless and lossy compression techniques can be used to reduce file sizes. Lossless compression reduces file size without losing any information, allowing the original file to be perfectly reconstructed. Lossy compression also reduces size but some information is lost, meaning reconstruction of the original file is impossible. Common lossless techniques include Huffman coding and run-length encoding, while reducing color depth is a example of lossy compression. Image file formats like JPEG, GIF, and PNG use different combinations of lossless and lossy compression methods. Video compression tackles both spatial redundancy within frames and temporal redundancy between adjacent frames. Audio and visual components of video are stored independently in a multimedia container format for synchronization.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    1.1.5.

    Compression
    Techniques
    Students should be able to show understanding of how digital data
    can be compressed, using either ‘lossless’ (including run-length
    encoding – RLE) or ‘lossy’ techniques
    Compression techniques and packaging of multimedia content

    For another time the issue of file size will be discussed, this time in the context of
    starting with a file that needs to have its size reduced to reduce memory storage
    requirements and improve transmission rates.

    There are two categories of compression. The first is lossless compression where
    the file size is reduced but no information is lost and when necessary the process
    can be reversed to recreate the original file. The second is lossy compression
    where the file size is reduced with some loss of information and the original file
    can never be recovered. In many applications a combination of lossless and lossy
    methods may be used.
    Types of compression:

    Lossless compression: coding techniques that allow subsequent


    decoding to recreate exactly the original file

    Lossy compression: coding techniques that cause some information


    to be lost so that the exact original file cannot be recovered in
    subsequent decoding
    This is a slide title

    If a file contains text then compression must be


    lossless because it is not sensible to allow any
    loss of information . One possible compression
    method would be Huffman coding. The
    procedure used to carry out the compression is
    quite detailed but the principle is
    straightforward. Instead of having each
    character coded in one byte an analysis is
    carried out to find the most often used
    characters. These are then given shorter codes.
    The original stream of bytes becomes a bit
    stream. A possible set of codes if a text
    contained only eight different letters is shown
    in Table 1.04.
    The important point to note here is the prefix property. None of the codes begins
    with the sequence of bits representing a shorter code. Thus there can be no
    ambiguity when the transmitted compressed file has to be converted back to the
    original text.
    A different lossless compression technique is run-length encoding. This can be
    particularly effective for compressing a bitmap file. The compression converts
    sequences of the same bit pattern into a code that defines the bit pattern and the
    number of times it is repeated .
    Lossy compression can be used in circumstances where a sound file or an image
    file can have some of the detailed coding removed or modified when it is likely
    that the human ear or eye will hardly notice any difference. One example would
    be to reduce the colour depth for the coding of a bitmap.
    Graphic files can be stored in a number of formats. For example, JPEG, GIF, PNG
    and TI FF are just a few of the possibilities. What compression techniques, if any, do
    these use?
    If the image coding for a video is to be compressed, one approach is to tackle the
    spatial redundancy in individual frames using techniques applicable to an image file.
    However, this is unlikely to be an efficient technique because, in general, one frame
    is very similar to the preceding one. It will be more effective to tackle this temporal
    redundancy by changing the frame by frame coding to one which mainly records
    differences between adjacent frames.
    A video contains images and sound but these do not go to the same part of any
    receiving and displaying system. Clearly the audio and visual parts of a video must
    be handled independently but in a way that guarantees synchronisation. The solution
    to this is to package the audio and visual components in what is known as a
    multimedia container format. This concept is currently being developed by several
    different organisations or companies. The use is not restricted to one video file and
    one sound file. Rather, one multimedia container file will have many audio and
    video streams plus other streams, perhaps for subtitles or chapter headings.
    Thanks!

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