Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd
Upload
31 views

Random Sampling: Dwayne David Orrell Hyman Denis E Phillips Winston Primo Dharamdeo Balgobind

The group members decided to study random sampling. They defined random sampling as selecting samples so that each element has an equal chance of selection. The document discussed three common random sampling designs and how to draw random samples using different methods. It outlined the advantages of random sampling being less biased and allowing results to generalize to the population. Disadvantages included being complex, time-consuming, and not guaranteeing universal results. One group member was tasked with completing the report while others reviewed it.

Uploaded by

winston primo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
31 views

Random Sampling: Dwayne David Orrell Hyman Denis E Phillips Winston Primo Dharamdeo Balgobind

The group members decided to study random sampling. They defined random sampling as selecting samples so that each element has an equal chance of selection. The document discussed three common random sampling designs and how to draw random samples using different methods. It outlined the advantages of random sampling being less biased and allowing results to generalize to the population. Disadvantages included being complex, time-consuming, and not guaranteeing universal results. One group member was tasked with completing the report while others reviewed it.

Uploaded by

winston primo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

RANDOM SAMPLING

GROUP MEMBERS:
DWAYNE DAVID
ORRELL HYMAN
DENIS E PHILLIPS
WINSTON PRIMO
DHARAMDEO BALGOBIND
REPORT ON BRAINSTORMING SESSION

AFTER SELECTING THE GIVE A DEFINITION OF DISCUSS FURTHER THE LOOK AT THE THE GROUP MEMBERS ONE GROUP MEMBER
TOPIC AREA TO STUDY, THE TOPIC SELECTED. KEY POINTS OF THE ADVANTAGES AND EACH RESEARCHED THE WAS TASKED WITH
THE GROUP MEMBERS TOPIC. DISADVANTAGES. SUBTOPICS AND THEN COMPLETING THE
DECIDED ON A DISCUSSED THEIR POINT REPORT AND
FRAMEWORK/ OF VIEW ON THE PRESENTATION WHILE
PROCEDURE IN WHICH SUBTOPIC. THE OTHERS LOOKED
TO APPROACH THE FOR ERRORS AND OTHER
ASSIGNMENT. THE WAYS TO IMPROVE THE
FRAMEWORK IS AS PRESENTATION.
FOLLOWS:
WHAT IS RANDOM SAMPLING?

Random sampling implies each element in the population has an equal and independent
chance of selection in the sample.
• Equal implies that the probability of selection of each element in the population is the
same. Independence means the selection or rejection of one element does not affect the
inclusion or exclusion of another.
When you select a sample in quantitative studies you are primarily aiming to achieve
maximum precision in your estimates within a given sample size and avoid bias in the
selection of your sample. Bias in the selection of a sample can occur if:
• sampling is done by a non-random method – that is, if the selection is consciously or
unconsciously influenced by human choice;
• the sampling frame – list, index or other population records – which serves as the basis of
• selection, does not cover the sampling population accurately and completely;
• a section of a sampling population is impossible to find or refuses to co-operate.
Simple random sampling (SRS) - Simple random
sampling is a probability sampling procedure that gives
every element in the target population, and each
possible sample of a given size, an equal chance of
being selected. As such, it is an equal probability
selection method (EPSEM).

THERE ARE THREE Stratified random sampling - In stratified random


sampling the researcher attempts to stratify the
COMMONLY USED population in such a way that the population
within a stratum is homogeneous with respect to
TYPES OF RANDOM the characteristic based on which it is being
stratified.

SAMPLING DESIGN.
Cluster sampling - Cluster sampling is based on the
ability of the researcher to divide the sampling
population into groups (based upon visible or easily
identifiable characteristics), called clusters, and
then to select elements within each cluster, using
the SRS technique.
RANDOM SAMPLING CAN BE SELECTED USING TWO
DIFFERENT SYSTEMS:

• Sampling without replacement;


• Sampling with replacement
In sampling with replacement, after an element has been selected from the sampling
frame, it is returned to the frame and is eligible to be selected again.
In sampling without replacement, after an element is selected from the sampling
frame, it is removed from the population and is not returned to the sampling frame.
Sampling without replacement tends to be more efficient than sampling with
replacement in producing representative samples. It does not allow the same
population element to enter the sample more than once.
METHODS OF DRAWING A RANDOM SAMPLE
Lottery / Fishbowl Method - Under this method units are selected based on random draws. Steps:
• Firstly each member or element of the population is assigned a unique number.
• In the next step these numbers are written on separate cards which are physically similar in shape, size,
color etc.
• Then they are placed in a basket and thoroughly mixed.
• In the last step the slips are taken out randomly without looking at them. The number of slips drawn is
equal to the sample size required.

Using a computer program – there are a number of programs that can help you to select a random
sample. Many websites also offer this service for free.
METHODS OF DRAWING A RANDOM
SAMPLING
Random Number Tables Method - These consist of columns of numbers which have been
randomly prepared. Several random tables are available e.g. Fisher and Yates Tables, Tippets
random number etc. Listed below is a sequence of two digited random numbers from Fisher &
Yates table:
61, 44, 65, 22, 01, 67, 76, 23, 57, 58, 54, 11, 33, 86, 07, 26, 75, 76, 64, 22, 19,
35, 74, 49, 86, 58, 69, 52, 27, 34, 91, 25, 34, 67, 76, 73, 27, 16, 53, 18, 19, 69,
32, 52, 38, 72, 38, 64, 81, 79 and 38.

• Step 1: assigning a unique number to each member of the sample frame.


• Step 2: If we are to collect a sample of 5 units then referring to the random number
tables 5 double digit numbers are chosen
If the sampling is without replacement and a random number repeats itself, then it will not
be taken again and the next number that fits our criteria will be chosen.
WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF RANDOM
SAMPLING?
1. It offers a chance to perform data analysis that has less risk of carrying an error.

2. It is Fair there is an equal chance of selection.


• Random sampling allows everyone or everything within a defined region to have an equal chance of being
selected.
3. It requires less knowledge to complete the research.
• A researcher does not need to have specific knowledge about the data being collected to be effective at their
job.
4. Findings can be applied to the entire population base.
• Because of the processes that allow for random sampling, the data collected can produce results for the larger
frame because there is such little relevance of bias within the findings
WHAT ARE THE DISADVANTAGES OF RANDOM
SAMPLING?
1. No additional knowledge is taken into consideration.
• Although random sampling removes an unconscious bias that exists, it does not remove an intentional bias
from the process. Researchers can choose regions for random sampling where they believe specific results
can be obtained to support their own personal bias.
2. It is a complex and time-consuming method of research.
• With random sampling, every person or thing must be individually interviewed or reviewed so that the data
can be properly collected.
3. Researchers are required to have experience and a high skill level.
• A researcher may not be required to have specific knowledge to conduct random sampling successfully, but
they do need to be experienced in the process of data collection. There must be an awareness by the
researcher when conducting 1-on-1 interviews that the data being offered is accurate or not. A high skill level
is required of the researcher so they can separate accurate data that has been collected from inaccurate data.
4. There is an added monetary cost to the process.
5. No guarantee that the results will be universal is offered.
• Random sampling is designed to be a representation of a community or demographic, but there is no
guarantee that the data collected is reflective of the community on average.
CONCLUSION
• Random sampling is a probability sampling procedure that gives every element in the target population
and each possible sample of a given size, an equal chance of being selected.
• If as a researcher, you want to save your time and money random sampling is one of the best probability
sampling methods that you can use. Getting data from a sample is more advisable and practical
• As with other probability sampling procedures, it tends to yield representative samples, and allows the
use of inferential statistics to compute margin of errors. However, it tends to have larger sampling errors
and less precision than stratified samples of the same sample size. If the target population is widely
dispersed, data collection costs might be higher for simple random sampling than those for other
probability sample designs, such as cluster sampling.
REFERENCES

• https://www.tutorialspoint.com/statistics/simple_random_sampling.htm
• https://www.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-binaries/40803_5.pdf
• https://www.questionpro.com/blog/simple-random-sampling/
• https://vittana.org/17-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-random-sampling
• RESEARCH METHODOLOGY a step-by-step guide for beginners by Ranjit Kumar

You might also like