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    Chain Surveying

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    Abdul Wahab
    1. There are several types of chains used for surveying including metric chains, steel bands, engineer's chains, Gunter's chains, and revenue chains. 2. Common measuring tapes include cloth or linen tapes, metallic tapes, steel tapes, and invar tapes which are made of different materials and vary in width and length. 3. Ranging rods, ranging poles, offset rods, pegs, laths, whites, arrows, and plumb bobs are instruments used for marking stations and points during chain surveying.

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    Chain Surveying

    Uploaded by

    Abdul Wahab
    87 views22 pages
    1. There are several types of chains used for surveying including metric chains, steel bands, engineer's chains, Gunter's chains, and revenue chains. 2. Common measuring tapes include cloth or linen tapes, metallic tapes, steel tapes, and invar tapes which are made of different materials and vary in width and length. 3. Ranging rods, ranging poles, offset rods, pegs, laths, whites, arrows, and plumb bobs are instruments used for marking stations and points during chain surveying.

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    1. There are several types of chains used for surveying including metric chains, steel bands, engineer's chains, Gunter's chains, and revenue chains. 2. Common measuring tapes include cloth or linen tapes, metallic tapes, steel tapes, and invar tapes which are made of different materials and vary in width and length. 3. Ranging rods, ranging poles, offset rods, pegs, laths, whites, arrows, and plumb bobs are instruments used for marking stations and points during chain surveying.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    87 views22 pages

    Chain Surveying

    Uploaded by

    Abdul Wahab
    1. There are several types of chains used for surveying including metric chains, steel bands, engineer's chains, Gunter's chains, and revenue chains. 2. Common measuring tapes include cloth or linen tapes, metallic tapes, steel tapes, and invar tapes which are made of different materials and vary in width and length. 3. Ranging rods, ranging poles, offset rods, pegs, laths, whites, arrows, and plumb bobs are instruments used for marking stations and points during chain surveying.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Chain Surveying

    CE-121 Elementary Surveying


    Instruments for Marking Stations or used in Chaining

    A chain is made of galvanized mild steel wire of 4mm


    diameter having 100 or 150 pieces.

    • Three oval rings are provided


    between each link.
    • Tallies are provided at every 10
    or 25 links for counting
    distance.
    • Handle is made of brass with
    swivel joint
    Chain Types

    There are 5 types of chains

    1. Metric Chain

    2. Steel band

    3. Engineer’s Chain

    4. Gunter’s Chain

    5. Revenue Chain
    Chain Types
    Metric Chains

    • Used for measuring distance along fairly level ground.

    • Length = 20m and 30m

    • Tallies are fixed every 5m and small brass rings are generally
    provided at every meter length .

    • 20m chain is divided into 100 links each of 0.2m and tallies are
    provided at every 10 links or 2m

    • 30m chain is divided into 150 links, each of 0.2m and tallies are
    provided at every 25 links or 5m.
    Chain Types

    Steel band

    • Ribbon of steel of 16mm width and 20 or 30m length.

    • Graduated in meters, centimeters and decimeters on one


    side and has 0.2m links on other side.

    • Used for more accurate measurements, but easily broken


    Chain Types

    Engineer’s Chain

    • 100ft long and divided into 100 links (each links of 1ft).

    • Tallies are provided at every 10 links or 10 ft.


    Indirect Method
    Gunter’s Chain

    • 66 ft long and divided into 100 links (each


    link of 0.66 ft).

    • Used for measuring distance in miles and


    furlongs.

    • It is used for area measurement in acres.

    • The length of a cricket pitch is one chain (22


    yards)

    Revenue Chain

    • 33 ft long and divided into 16 links.

    • Used in cadastral survey.


    Revenue Chain

    • 33 ft long and divided into 16 links.

    • Used in cadastral survey for measuring fields.


    Instruments for Marking Stations or used in Chaining

    Measuring tapes are of following four types.

    • Cloth or Linen Tape

    • Metallic Tape

    • Steel Tape

    • Invar Tape
    Measuring tapes
    Cloth or Linen Tape Metallic Tape

    • Made of closely woven linen • Linen tape reinforced with brass


    or copper wires.
    • Resists moisture
    • Lengths = 15, 20 and 30m
    • 15 mm wide and 10 & 15m
    • Packed in leather case with brass
    long. handle.
    Measuring tapes
    Steel Tape Invar Tape
    • Made of steel ribbon. • Made of alloy steel and nickel.
    • Graduated in meters, centimeters • Resistant to change in
    and decimeters temperature.
    • 6 - 16 mm wide and 10, 15, 20, 30 • 6mm wide and 30, 50 and 100m
    & 50m long. long
    Instruments for Marking Stations or used in Chaining
    Ranging Rods and Ranging Poles
    Instruments for Marking Stations or used in Chaining
    Offset Rods

    These rods are also similar to ranging rods


    and they are 3 m long. They are made up
    of hard wood and are provided with iron
    shoe at one end. A hook or a notch is
    provided at other end. At height of eye,
    two narrow slits at right angles to each
    other are also provided for using it for
    setting right angles. A typical offset rod is
    shown in Figure
    Instruments for Marking Stations or used in Chaining
    Pegs
    Wooden pegs are used in measuring a length of a line to mark the end
    points of the line. The pegs are made of hard wood of 25 mm × 25 mm
    section, 150 mm long
    Laths
    Laths are 0.5 to 1.0 m long sticks of soft wood. They are sharpened at
    one end and are painted with white or light colours. They are used as
    intermediate points while ranging or while crossing depressions.
    Whites
    Whites are the pieces of sharpened thick sticks cut from the nearest
    place in the field. One end of the stick is sharpened and the other end is
    split. White papers are inserted in the split to improve the visibility.
    Whites are also used for the same purpose as laths.
    Instruments for Marking Stations or used in Chaining

    Pegs, Whites and laths


    Instruments for Marking Stations or used in Chaining

    Arrows
    Instruments for Marking Stations or used in Chaining
    Plumb Bob
    A typical plumb bob is shown in Figure In measuring horizontal distances
    along sloping ground plumb bobs are used to transfer the position to
    ground. They are also used to check the verticality of ranging poles.

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