Strength Improvement of Clayey Soil Using Geogrid Reinforcement

STRENGTH IMPROVEMENT OF
CLAYEY SOIL USING GEOGRID

REINFORCEMENT
• PRESENTED BY –
• Gurpreet Singh (1706199)

WHAT IS A GEOSYNTHETIC ?
• Natural or artificial product that is used along with

soil in geotechnical constructions.
• Natural: coir, jute, hemp, etc.
• Artificial: polymeric or metallic

WHY
GEOSYNTHETICS ?
• Geosynthetics have entirely changed the way
geotechnical engineering is practiced.
• Innovative solutions to solve difficult problems
economically and expediently
• Enables the use of local materials – sustainable
solutions
• Unskilled labour can be employed
• Installation does not require heavy machinery
Use of coir mat to
promote vegetation
growth to prevent
surface erosion
Use of stone filled rope net gabions for shoreline stabilization at
Swami Narain Temple, Tithal, Gujarat
Irrigation canal lining by
using grout filled geocells
LANDFILL CONSTRUCTION USING
GEOSYNTHETICS
AT HZL, VISAKHAPATNAM TO CONTAIN
JEROSITE WASTE
Flexible Break water unit made of
geosynthetics – beach sand
filled bags in rope net gabions
CONCERNS IN THE DESIGN OF
PAVEMENTS OVER EXPANSIVE CLAYS
• The construction of pavements over expansive clay has

often led to poor performance due to development of
longitudinal cracks induced by moisture fluctuations.
• Volumetric changes associated with seasonal moisture
variations have led to pavement heave during wet season
and shrinkage during dry season.
• THE MECHANISMS LEADING TO THE DEVELOPMENT
OF THE LONGITUDINAL CRACKS ARE EXPECTED TO
BE DUE TO STRESSES INDUCED BY FLEXIBILITY OF
THE PAVEMENT DURING SETTLEMENTS OCCURRED
IN DRY SEA- SONS.
• DURING THE DRY SEASON, THERE IS DECREASE IN
THE MOISTURE CONTENT OF THE SOIL IN THE
VICINITY OF THE PAVEMENT SHOULDERS.
• THIS LEADS TO SETTLEMENTS IN THE SHOULDER
AREA, BUT NOT IN THE VICINITY OF THE CENTRAL
LINE OF THE PAVEMENT, WHERE THE MOISTURE
CONTENT REMAINS APPROXIMATELY CONSTANT
THROUGHOUT THE DRY SEASON.
• ON THE OTHER HAND, DURING THE WET SEASON,
THE MOISTURE CONTENT IN THE SOIL IN THE
VICINITY OF THE PAVEMENT SHOULDER INCREASES.
A CREATIVE SOLUTION USING GEOSYNTHETICS: BASE
REINFORCED PAVEMENTS ON EXPANSIVE CLAYS
• Base reinforcement involves placing a geosynthetic

at the bottom or within a base course to increase the
structural or load-carrying capacity of a pavement
system. Two traditional benefits are reported for
reinforced pavements: (1) improvement of the
pavement service life, and (2) equivalent pavement
performance with a reduced structural section.
GEOGRID
S
• Sheet like products with open apertures. Excellent
interlocking with soil. High strength products, used
for reinforcement.
• The geogrids are of several varieties. The extruded
grids have low strength (e.g. Netlon India products).
Stretched grids (e.g. Tensar products) are made by
stretching process. More recently several types are
made by knitting, welding process, etc.
• Uniaxial products used as reinforcement layers in
retaining walls and embankments
• Biaxial products are used in road bases, below rail
tracks, ground reinforcement
BENEFITS OF STEEL PLASTIC
GEOGRID REINFORCEMENT
• High strength, small deformation.

• Good performance for seismic waves
• Excellent dimensional stability
• Strong bearing capacity
• High friction coefficient
• Low elongation rate at break
• Long service life
• Easy to install
Comparison of the performance of pavement sections over
expansive clays:
(a) Geogrid-reinforced Section 2
(b) unreinforced control section
(c) Geogrid-reinforced Section 1.

a) Section 2 (no longitudinal b) Control section (with longitudinal c) Section 1 (no longitudinal
cracks) cracks) cracks)
End of Beginning of
Project Project
Geogrid‐ reinforced
Geogrid‐
reinforced
Unreinforced
GEOGRIDS MANUFACTURED BY
STRETCHING PROCESS
Orientation of polymers in preferential directions

Stretched uniaxial geogrid
Knitted polyester geogrids

SPECIFICATIONS OF
GEOGRID
Thickness 5.00 / 6.00 / 7.00 mm

Brand Indonet
Application Landfill sites, highways
Color Black
Hole shape Diamond
Length 25.00 meter
Width 1.50 / 2.00 Mtr
GEOGRIDS USED AT HINDUSTAN ZINC
LIMITED,VISHAKAPATNAM
Geogrid reinforcement in pavements
Innovative use of geogrids for shore protection at Navi Mumbai
METHODOLOGY
THE VARIOUS METHODS OR

TESTS ADOPTED FOR TESTING
OF VIRGIN SOIL ARE AS
FOLLOWS:
• LIQUID LIMIT
• PLASTIC LIMIT
• STANDARD PROCTOR TEST
Determine Liquid Limit of Soil
Specimen by Casagrande Method
The liquid limit of a soil is the water content

at which the soil behaves practically like a
liquid, but has small shear strength. It flows to
close the groove in just 25 blows in
Casagrande’s liquid limit device.
Equipment for Liquid Limit Test on Soil
1. Casagrande’s liquid limit device

2. Grooving tools of both standard and
ASTM types
3. Oven
4. Evaporating dish or glass sheet
5. Spatula
6. 425 micron IS sieve
7. Weighing balance accuracy 0.01g.
8. Wash bottle.
Plastic limit of soil
The plastic limit of a soil is the moisture content at which soil

begins to behave as a plastic material. At this water content
(plastic limit), the soil will crumble when rolled into threads
of 3.2mm(1/8in) in diameter.
Apparatus
1.Ground Glass Plate: a ground glass plate at least 30
cm (12 in.) square by 1 cm (3?8 in.) thick for rolling
plastic limit threads.
2.Plastic Limit-Rolling Device (optional).
3.Spatula or pill knife having a blade about 2 cm
wide, and about 10 to 13 cm long.
4.Drying Oven
5.Metallic rod 3.2mm diameter and 100mm long
6.Water Content Containers
7.Balance, conforming to Specification D 4753, Class
GP1 (readability of 0.01 g).
Proctor compaction test
The Proctor compaction test is a laboratory method of

experimentally determining the optimal moisture content at
which a given soil type will become most dense and achieve its
maximum dry density.
Equipments for Proctor’s Test for Compaction of Soil

1.Compaction mould, capacity 1000ml.
2.Rammer, mass 2.6 kg
3.Detachable base plate
4.Collar, 60mm high
5.IS sieve, 4.75 mm
6.Oven
7.Desiccator
8.Weighing balance, accuracy 1g
9.Large mixing pan
10.Straight edge
11.Spatula
12.Graduated jar
13.Mixing tools, spoons, trowels, etc.
THANK YOU

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STRENGTH IMPROVEMENT OF

CLAYEY SOIL USING GEOGRID

• Gurpreet Singh (1706199)

• Natural or artificial product that is used along with

• Natural: coir, jute, hemp, etc.

• Artificial: polymeric or metallic

• The construction of pavements over expansive clay has

• Base reinforcement involves placing a geosynthetic

• High strength, small deformation.

Orientation of polymers in preferential directions

Knitted polyester geogrids

Thickness 5.00 / 6.00 / 7.00 mm

THE VARIOUS METHODS OR

The liquid limit of a soil is the water content

1. Casagrande’s liquid limit device

The plastic limit of a soil is the moisture content at which soil

The Proctor compaction test is a laboratory method of

Equipments for Proctor’s Test for Compaction of Soil

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