Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 86 views

    Brick Materials

    Uploaded by

    Syazwanatiyah
    This document provides information on different types of bricks used in construction. It discusses clay bricks, which are made by mixing clay with water and firing it in a kiln. It also describes sand lime bricks, which are made from a mixture of sand, lime, and water, and concrete bricks, which are made of cement, sand, and water. The manufacturing process of clay bricks involves extracting raw clay materials, molding the clay into shapes, drying the bricks, and firing them in a kiln or clamp. The properties and uses of different brick types are outlined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Brick Materials

    Uploaded by

    Syazwanatiyah
    86 views29 pages
    This document provides information on different types of bricks used in construction. It discusses clay bricks, which are made by mixing clay with water and firing it in a kiln. It also describes sand lime bricks, which are made from a mixture of sand, lime, and water, and concrete bricks, which are made of cement, sand, and water. The manufacturing process of clay bricks involves extracting raw clay materials, molding the clay into shapes, drying the bricks, and firing them in a kiln or clamp. The properties and uses of different brick types are outlined.

    Original Description:

    brick material note for first year student

    Original Title

    1. BRICK MATERIALS

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document provides information on different types of bricks used in construction. It discusses clay bricks, which are made by mixing clay with water and firing it in a kiln. It also describes sand lime bricks, which are made from a mixture of sand, lime, and water, and concrete bricks, which are made of cement, sand, and water. The manufacturing process of clay bricks involves extracting raw clay materials, molding the clay into shapes, drying the bricks, and firing them in a kiln or clamp. The properties and uses of different brick types are outlined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    86 views29 pages

    Brick Materials

    Uploaded by

    Syazwanatiyah
    This document provides information on different types of bricks used in construction. It discusses clay bricks, which are made by mixing clay with water and firing it in a kiln. It also describes sand lime bricks, which are made from a mixture of sand, lime, and water, and concrete bricks, which are made of cement, sand, and water. The manufacturing process of clay bricks involves extracting raw clay materials, molding the clay into shapes, drying the bricks, and firing them in a kiln or clamp. The properties and uses of different brick types are outlined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 29

    LECTURE 1

    1
     A walling unit of a hard and durable nature of a size easily

    handled with one hand and a dimension which permit of

    simple bonding together of the unit

     Normal size of bricks:-

    = 215mm x 102.5mm x 65mm

    2
     A molded rectangular block of clay baked by the sun or in a kiln until hard
    and used as a building and paving material.

     A block or clay tempered with water, sand, etc., molded into a regular
    form, usually rectangular, and sun-dried, or burnt in a kiln, or in a heap or
    stack called a clamp.

     A block of ceramic material used in masonry construction, usually laid


    using mortar.

     Rectangular shaped blocks of hard material, usually clay, that are laid in
    rows and columns to build structures.

     Rectangular blocks of baked clay used for building walls, which are usually
    red or brown. Brick is the material made up of these blocks.
    3
    i. Clay bricks

    ii. Sand lime bricks

    iii. Concrete bricks (cement and sand bricks)

    4
     Materials from which bricks are made
    from clay.
     Clay is a ground in mills, mixed with
    water to make it plastic and moulded,
    either by hand or by machine, to the
    shape and size of a brick.
     Three most popular types of clay brick
    are:-
    i. Common brick
    ii. Facing bricks
    iii. Engineering bricks
     These are bricks sufficiently hard to safely

    carry the loads normally supported by


    brickwork.
     Have a dull texture or poor colour they are

    not in demand for use as facing bricks.


     Used for internal walls and for rear walls

    which are not usually exposed to view.


     Sufficiently hard and reasonably good shape.
     Used most visual brickwork where a pleasing and

    durable finish is required.

     Normally used for external wall

     Manufactured and selected to give an attractive

    finish.

     Capable of withstanding the effect rain, wind, soot

    and frost.

     The surface are smooth, textured and sand faced.


    Smooth-Face Red Rock-Face Red

    Smooth-Face Cream Rock-Face Cream


    Smooth-Face Brown Rock-Face Brown

    Wire-Cut Red Bark-Face Red


    1.2 Facing Bricks (cont’d)

    Wire-Cut Cream Bark-Face Cream


     These are bricks which have been made

    from selected clays.

     Prepared by crushing, have been very

    heavily moulded and carefully burned.

     The finished brick is very solid and hard

    and is capable or safely carrying much

    heavier loads than other type of brick.


     These bricks are mainly used for walls

    carrying exceptionally heavy loads, for

    piers and general engineering works.

     Most expensive than other machine

    made facing bricks because of their

    higher firing temperature.


     Bricks are produced by mixing ground clay

    with water, forming them into the desired

    shapes, then drying and firing them

     Phases of manufacturing:-

    i. Extraction of raw material

     Clay for the production of bricks: possess

    some specific characteristics and properties


     Types of clay: surface clay, shales, & fire clays (physical structure and

    chemical composition)

     Involves the removal of the top soil and unsuitable materials

     There are 4 main processes whereby clay bricks can be made:-

    a) Wire cut process

    b) Stiff plastic process

    c) Semi dry process

    d) Slop moulded
    The Manufacture of Clay Bricks
    (cont’d)
    ii. Moulding

    Wire cut process


     Soft clay is hauled up and inclined plane rollers known as

    knibblers which break up the large pieces, the macerated


    clay required for the next stage by passing the material
    between the roller set more closely together and finally the
    clay is passed between the high speed rolls, after which the
    water is added to give it the required plasticity
    The Manufacture of Clay Bricks
    (cont’d)
     The pugmill give it the final kneading action extrudes a long rectangle of plastic clay on to a

    travelling belt, the cross section of this long strip of clay being about 217mm x 102mm

     The cutting into brick sizes is done by dropping a wooden frame fitted with wire 100mm

    apart on to belt, this cut the strip of clay into the required size for burning
    The Manufacture of Clay Bricks
    (cont’d)

    ii. Moulding (cont’d)

    Stiff Plastic Process


     Involves the grinding of the dry clay. It will then fall through

    holes and is screened to remove the coarser particles:


    resulting the production of fine dust
     The dust is then mixed with water to achieve the required

    plasticity after which it is later pressed into brick sizes


    The Manufacture of Clay Bricks
    (cont’d)
    ii. Moulding (cont’d)

    Semi Dry Process


     Resembles the stiff plastic process except the clay is sent to

    the mould in a dry state


    The Manufacture of Clay Bricks
    (cont’d)

    ii. Moulding (cont’d)

    Slope Moulded Process


     Is used with clay which are easily moulded, chalk or lime

    being added to give a better plasticity before it is being wire


    cut
     The bricks are moulded by hand in wooden moulds and

    then stacked prior to burning


    The Manufacture of Clay Bricks
    (cont’d)

    iii.Drying

    To prevent cracking and distortion during firing

    process, bricks must be allowed to dry out and shrink


    The Manufacture of Clay Bricks
    (cont’d)
    iv.Burning of Bricks

     This can be done in 2 ways:-

    1) Clamp burning

     Much slower method

     Not suitable for mass production

     Bricks produced are not uniform in character


    The Manufacture of Clay Bricks
    (cont’d)
    2) Kiln burning

     Widely being used to replace the old clamp

    method

     Its continuous process enable to produce a

    large quantity of bricks within a short time

     The bricks produce are uniform in character


     The bricks are made from carefully controlled

    mixture of clean sand (about 90%) and

    hydrated lime (10%) which is mixed with

    water, heavily moulded to brick shape and

    then the moulded brick is hardened in a

    steam oven.

     The resulting bricks are very uniform in shape

    and colour and normally a dull white.


    2. SAND LIME BRICKS (cont’d)
     Coloured sand lime bricks are made by adding a colouring

    matter during manufacture.

     The material from which they are made can be carefully

    selected and accurately proportioned to ensure a uniform

    hardness, shape and durability quite impossible with the clay

    used for most bricks.


     This brick is made from a mixture of sand and cement.

     It is costly and its colour rely on the natural colour of

    cement and aggregate.

     It is also heavy and when well seasoned, it is difficult to

    cut.
     Both types are uniform in shape and size.

     They are usually have a single frog and their price are quite

    comparable to the common clay bricks

     They have a monotoneous appearance, their heat

    transmitting properties are inferior to those of clay brick

    and their moisture movement are higher


    THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND
    ATTENTION!!!

    You might also like