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    Introduction To Statistics: Lecturer Rubaiyat Mahjabeen Dept. of Economics, Fass, Bup

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    Rafee Hossain
    This document provides an introduction to statistics, including key concepts like population, sample, descriptive and inferential statistics, variables, and data types. It defines statistics as methods used to collect, analyze, present and interpret data to make decisions. Descriptive statistics organizes and describes data, while inferential statistics uses samples to understand populations. It also distinguishes between quantitative and qualitative variables, and cross-sectional and time-series data.

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    Introduction To Statistics: Lecturer Rubaiyat Mahjabeen Dept. of Economics, Fass, Bup

    Uploaded by

    Rafee Hossain
    20 views21 pages
    This document provides an introduction to statistics, including key concepts like population, sample, descriptive and inferential statistics, variables, and data types. It defines statistics as methods used to collect, analyze, present and interpret data to make decisions. Descriptive statistics organizes and describes data, while inferential statistics uses samples to understand populations. It also distinguishes between quantitative and qualitative variables, and cross-sectional and time-series data.

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    LEC STAT 1 & 2.pptx

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    This document provides an introduction to statistics, including key concepts like population, sample, descriptive and inferential statistics, variables, and data types. It defines statistics as methods used to collect, analyze, present and interpret data to make decisions. Descriptive statistics organizes and describes data, while inferential statistics uses samples to understand populations. It also distinguishes between quantitative and qualitative variables, and cross-sectional and time-series data.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    20 views21 pages

    Introduction To Statistics: Lecturer Rubaiyat Mahjabeen Dept. of Economics, Fass, Bup

    Uploaded by

    Rafee Hossain
    This document provides an introduction to statistics, including key concepts like population, sample, descriptive and inferential statistics, variables, and data types. It defines statistics as methods used to collect, analyze, present and interpret data to make decisions. Descriptive statistics organizes and describes data, while inferential statistics uses samples to understand populations. It also distinguishes between quantitative and qualitative variables, and cross-sectional and time-series data.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    Introduction to

    Statistics
    LECTURER RUBAIYAT MAHJABEEN
    DEPT. OF ECONOMICS,
    FASS, BUP
    Statistics

     Statistics is a group of methods used to


    collect, analyze, present and interpret data
    and to make decisions.
     Decisions made by using statistical
    methods are called educated guesses.
     Decisions made without using statistical
    methods are called pure guesses and may
    prove to be unreliable.
    Types of Statistics

    Statistics can be divided into 2 areas:


    1. Descriptive statistics
    2. Inferential statistics
    …….continued

     Descriptive statistics consists of methods for


    organizing, displaying and describing data by
    using tables, graphs, and summary measures.
     Inferential statistics consists of methods that
    use sample results to help make decisions or
    predictions about a population.
    Population Versus Sample

     A population consists of all elements –


    individuals, items, or objects – whose
    characteristics are being studied. The
    population that is being studied is also called
    the target population.
    Population Versus Sample

     A portion of the population selected for


    study is referred to as a sample.
    Census and Sample Survey

     A survey that includes every member of the


    population is called a census.

     The technique of collecting information from a


    portion of the population is called a sample
    survey.
    Representative Sample

     A sample that represents the


    characteristics of the population as
    closely as possible is called a
    representative sample.
    Random Sample

     A sample drawn in such a way that each element of the


    population has a chance of being selected is called a
    random sample.

     If the chance of being selected is the same for each


    element of the population, it is called a simple random
    sample.
    Basic Terms

     Element or Member
     Variable
     Observation or Measurement
     Data Set
    Element or Member

     An element or member of a sample or


    population is a specific subject or object
    about which the information is
    collected. It can be a person, firm, item
    state or country.
    Variable

     A variable is a characteristic under study


    that assumes different values for
    different elements. In contrast to a
    variable, the value of a constant is fixed.
     A variable is often denoted by x, y, or z.
    Observation or Measurement

    The value of a variable for an


    element is called an
    observation or measurement.
    Data Set

    A data set is a collection of


    observations on one or more
    variables.
    Types of variables

    1. Quantitative Variables
    2. Qualitative or Categorical
    variables
    Quantitative Variables

     A variable that can be measured


    numerically is called a quantitative
    variable. The data collected on a
    quantitative variable are called
    quantitative data.
    Classification of Quantitative
    variables

    1. Discrete Variables
    2. Continuous variables
    Classification of Quantitative
    variables

     A variable whose values are countable is


    called a discrete variable.

     A discrete variable can assume only


    certain values with no intermediate
    values.
    Classification of Quantitative
    variables

     A variable that can assume any


    numerical value over a certain interval
    or intervals is called a continuous
    variable.
    Qualitative Variable

     A variable that cannot assume a


    numerical value but can be classified
    into two or more nonnumeric categories
    is called a qualitative or categorical
    variable. The data collected on such a
    variable are called qualitative data.
    Cross – Section Versus Time – Series
    Data

     Data collected on different elements at the same point in


    time or for the same period of time are called cross-
    section data.

     Data collected on the same element for the same


    variable at different points in time or for different
    periods of time are called time-series data.

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