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Chapter 7 - Javascript: Introduction To Scripting: Outline

The document outlines a chapter on JavaScript that introduces scripting with JavaScript. It covers printing text to a web page, obtaining user input, memory concepts, arithmetic, and decision making. The chapter objectives are to learn writing simple JavaScript programs, using input and output, basic memory concepts, arithmetic operators, and decision statements using equality and relational operators. It provides examples of inline scripting to print lines of text and obtain user input using prompt boxes.

Uploaded by

Selva Ganesh
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
114 views

Chapter 7 - Javascript: Introduction To Scripting: Outline

The document outlines a chapter on JavaScript that introduces scripting with JavaScript. It covers printing text to a web page, obtaining user input, memory concepts, arithmetic, and decision making. The chapter objectives are to learn writing simple JavaScript programs, using input and output, basic memory concepts, arithmetic operators, and decision statements using equality and relational operators. It provides examples of inline scripting to print lines of text and obtain user input using prompt boxes.

Uploaded by

Selva Ganesh
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 7 - JavaScript: Introduction to

Scripting
Outline
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Simple Program: Printing a Line of Text in a Web Page
7.3 Obtaining User Input with prompt Dialogs
7.3.1 Dynamic Welcome Page
7.3.2 Adding Integers
7.4 Memory Concepts
7.5 Arithmetic
7.6 Decision Making: Equality and Relational Operators
7.7 Web Resources

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


Objectives

• In this lesson, you will learn:


– To be able to write simple JavaScript programs.
– To be able to use input and output statements.
– To understand basic memory concepts.
– To be able to use arithmetic operators.
– To understand the precedence of arithmetic operators.
– To be able to write decision-making statements.
– To be able to use relational and equality operators.

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


7.1  Introduction

• JavaScript scripting language


– Enhances functionality and appearance
– Client-side scripting
• Makes pages more dynamic and interactive
– Foundation for complex server-side scripting
– Program development
– Program control

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


7.2  Simple Program: Printing a Line of Text
in a Web Page
• Inline scripting
– Written in the <body> of a document
– <script> tag
• Indicate that the text is part of a script
• type attribute
– Specifies the type of file and the scripting language use
• writeln method
– Write a line in the document
• Escape character ( \ )
– Indicates “special” character is used in the string
• alert method
– Dialog box

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


1 <?xml version = "1.0"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
Outline
3 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
4
5 <!-- Fig. 7.1: welcome.html --> welcome.html
6 <!-- Displaying a line of text --> (1 of 1)
7
8 <html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
9 <head>
10 <title>A First Program in JavaScript</title>
11
12 <script type = "text/javascript">
13 <!--
14 document.writeln(
15 "<h1>Welcome to JavaScript Programming!</h1>" );
16 // -->
17 </script>
18
19 </head><body></body>
20 </html>

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc.


All rights reserved.
1 <?xml version = "1.0"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
Outline
3 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
4
5 <!-- Fig. 7.2: welcome2.html --> welcome2.html
6 <!-- Printing a Line with Multiple Statements --> (1 of 1)
7
8 <html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
9 <head>
10 <title>Printing a Line with Multiple Statements</title>
11
12 <script type = "text/javascript">
13 <!--
14 document.write( "<h1 style = \"color: magenta\">" );
15 document.write( "Welcome to JavaScript " +
16 "Programming!</h1>" );
17 // -->
18 </script>
19
20 </head><body></body>
21 </html>

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc.


All rights reserved.
1 <?xml version = "1.0"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
Outline
3 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
4
5 <!-- Fig. 7.3: welcome3.html --> welcome3.html
6 <!-- Printing Multiple Lines --> 1 of 1
7
8 <html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
9 <head><title>Printing Multiple Lines</title>
10
11 <script type = "text/javascript">
12 <!--
13 document.writeln( "<h1>Welcome to<br />JavaScript" +
14 "<br />Programming!</h1>" );
15 // -->
16 </script>
17
18 </head><body></body>
19 </html>

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc.


All rights reserved.
1 <?xml version = "1.0"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
Outline
3 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
4
5 <!-- Fig. 7.4: welcome4.html --> welcome4.html
6 <!-- Printing multiple lines in a dialog box --> 1 of 1
7
8 <html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
9 <head><title>Printing Multiple Lines in a Dialog Box</title>
10
11 <script type = "text/javascript">
12 <!--
13 window.alert( "Welcome to\nJavaScript\nProgramming!" );
14 // -->
15 </script>
16
17 </head>
18
19 <body>
20 <p>Click Refresh (or Reload) to run this script again.</p>
21 </body>
22 </html>

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc.


All rights reserved.
 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
7.2  Simple Program: Printing a Line of Text
in a Web Page
Escape sequence Description
\n Newline. Position the screen cursor at the beginning of the next line.
\t Horizontal tab. Move the screen cursor to the next tab stop.
\r Carriage return. Position the screen cursor to the beginning of the
current line; do not advance to the next line. Any characters output
after the carriage return overwrite the characters previously output on
that line.
\\ Backslash. Used to represent a backslash character in a string.
\" Double quote. Used to represent a double quote character in a string
contained in double quotes. For example,
window.alert( "\"in quotes\"" );
displays "in quotes" in an alert dialog.

\' Single quote. Used to represent a single quote character in a string. For
example,
window.alert( '\'in quotes\'' );
displays 'in quotes' in an alert dialog.

Fig. 7.5 Some common escape sequences.

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


7.3.1  Dynamic Welcome Page

• A script can adapt the content based on input from


the user or other variables

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


1 <?xml version = "1.0"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
Outline
3 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
4
5 <!-- Fig. 7.6: welcome5.html --> welcome5.html
6 <!-- Using Prompt Boxes --> (1 of 2)
7
8 <html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
9 <head>
10 <title>Using Prompt and Alert Boxes</title>
11
12 <script type = "text/javascript">
13 <!--
14 var name; // string entered by the user
15
16 // read the name from the prompt box as a string
17 name = window.prompt( "Please enter your name", "GalAnt" );
18
19 document.writeln( "<h1>Hello, " + name +
20 ", welcome to JavaScript programming!</h1>" );
21 // -->
22 </script>

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc.


All rights reserved.
23
24 </head>
Outline
25
26 <body>
27 <p>Click Refresh (or Reload) to run this script again.</p> welcome5.html
28 </body> (2 of 2)
29 </html>

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc.


All rights reserved.
7.3.1  Dynamic Welcome Page
When the user clicks OK, the value
typed by the user is returned to the
program as a string.
This is the prompt
to the user.

This is the text field in which


This is the default value that the user types the value.
appears when the dialog
opens.

Fig. 7.7 Prompt dialog displayed by the window object’s prompt method.

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


7.3.2 Adding Integers

• Prompt user for two integers and calculate the sum


(Fig. 7.8)
• NaN (not a number)
• parseInt
– Converts its string argument to an integer

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


1 <?xml version = "1.0"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
Outline
3 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
4
5 <!-- Fig. 7.8: Addition.html --> Addition.html
6 <!-- Addition Program --> (1 of 2)
7
8 <html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
9 <head>
10 <title>An Addition Program</title>
11
12 <script type = "text/javascript">
13 <!--
14 var firstNumber, // first string entered by user
15 secondNumber, // second string entered by user
16 number1, // first number to add
17 number2, // second number to add
18 sum; // sum of number1 and number2
19
20 // read in first number from user as a string
21 firstNumber =
22 window.prompt( "Enter first integer", "0" );
23

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc.


All rights reserved.
24 // read in second number from user as a string
25 secondNumber =
Outline
26 window.prompt( "Enter second integer", "0" );
27
28 // convert numbers from strings to integers Addition.html
29 number1 = parseInt( firstNumber ); (2 of 2)
30 number2 = parseInt( secondNumber );
31
32 // add the numbers
33 sum = number1 + number2;
34
35 // display the results
36 document.writeln( "<h1>The sum is " + sum + "</h1>" );
37 // -->
38 </script>
39
40 </head>
41 <body>
42 <p>Click Refresh (or Reload) to run the script again</p>
43 </body>
44 </html>

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc.


All rights reserved.
 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
7.4  Memory Concepts

• Variable names correspond to locations in the


computer’s memory
• Every variable has a name, a type, and a value
• Read value from a memory location
– nondestructive

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


7.4  Memory Concepts

number1 45

Fig. 7.9 Memory location showing the name and value of variable number1.

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


7.4  Memory Concepts

number1 45

number2 72

Fig. 7.10 Memory locations after values for variables number1 and number2 have been input.

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


7.4  Memory Concepts

number1 45

number2 72

sum 117

Fig. 7.11 Memory locations after calculating the sum of number1 and number2.

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


7.5  Arithmetic

• Many scripts perform arithmetic calculations


– Expressions in JavaScript must be written in straight-line
form

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


7.5  Arithmetic
JavaScript Arithmetic Algebraic JavaScript
operation operator expression expression
Addition + f+7 f + 7

Subtraction - p–c p - c
Multiplication * bm b * m
/ x-- x / y
Division x / y or y
or xy

Remainder % r mod s r % s
Fig. 7.12 Arithmetic operators.

Operator(s) Operation(s) Order of evaluation (precedence)


*, / or % Multiplication Evaluated second. If there are several such
Division operations, they are evaluated from left to right.
Modulus
+ or - Addition Evaluated last. If there are several such operations,
Subtraction they are evaluated from left to right.
Fig. 7.13 Precedence of arithmetic operators.

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


7.5  Arithmetic
Step 1. y = 2 * 5 * 5 + 3 * 5 + 7;

2 * 5 is 10 (Leftmost multiplication)

Step 2. y = 10 * 5 + 3 * 5 + 7;

10 * 5 is 50 (Leftmost multiplication)

Step 3. y = 50 + 3 * 5 + 7;

3 * 5 is 15 (Multiplication before addition)

Step 4. y = 50 + 15 + 7;

50 + 15 is 65 (Leftmost addition)

Step 5. y = 65 + 7;

65 + 7 is 72 (Last addition)

Step 6. y = 72; (Last operation—place 72 into y )

Fig. 7.14 Order in which a second-degree polynomial is evaluated.

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


7.6  Decision Making: Equality and
Relational Operators
• Decision based on the truth or falsity of a
condition
– Equality operators
– Relational operators

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


7.6  Decision Making: Equality and
Relational Operators
Standard algebraic JavaScript equality Sample Meaning of
equality operator or or relational JavaScript JavaScript
relational operator operator condition condition
Equality operators
= == x == y x is equal to y
? != x != y x is not equal to y
Relational operators
> > x > y x is greater than y
< < x < y x is less than y
 >= x >= y x is greater than or
equal to y
 <= x <= y x is less than or
equal to y
Fig. 7.15 Equality and relational operators.

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.


1 <?xml version = "1.0"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
Outline
3 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
4
5 <!-- Fig. 7.16: welcome6.html --> welcome6.html
6 <!-- Using Relational Operators --> (1 of 3)
7
8 <html xmlns = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
9 <head>
10 <title>Using Relational Operators</title>
11
12 <script type = "text/javascript">
13 <!--
14 var name, // string entered by the user
15 now = new Date(), // current date and time
16 hour = now.getHours(); // current hour (0-23)
17
18 // read the name from the prompt box as a string
19 name = window.prompt( "Please enter your name", "GalAnt" );
20
21 // determine whether it is morning
22 if ( hour < 12 )
23 document.write( "<h1>Good Morning, " );
24

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc.


All rights reserved.
25 // determine whether the time is PM
26 if ( hour >= 12 )
Outline
27 {
28 // convert to a 12 hour clock
29 hour = hour - 12; welcome6.html
30 (2 of 3)
31 // determine whether it is before 6 PM
32 if ( hour < 6 )
33 document.write( "<h1>Good Afternoon, " );
34
35 // determine whether it is after 6 PM
36 if ( hour >= 6 )
37 document.write( "<h1>Good Evening, " );
38 }
39
40 document.writeln( name +
41 ", welcome to JavaScript programming!</h1>" );
42 // -->
43 </script>
44
45 </head>
46

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc.


All rights reserved.
47 <body>
48 <p>Click Refresh (or Reload) to run this script again.</p>
Outline
49 </body>
50 </html>
welcome6.html
(3 of 3)

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc.


All rights reserved.
7.6  Decision Making: Equality and
Relational Operators

Operators Associativity Type


* / % left to right multiplicative
+ - left to right additive
< <= > >= left to right relational
== != left to right equality
= right to left assignment
Fig. 7.17 Precedence and associativity of the
operators discussed so far.

 2004 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.

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