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Consumer Behaviour (PART-1)

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CONSUMER

BEHAVIOUR
(PART-1)
Consumer behavior covers
what Marketing Manager
should do to
• Take benefit from consumer’s
behavior
• Augment that behavior
• Control that behavior
Consumer Behavior
Consumer behavior is the
study of
1. How do people buy?
2. What do they buy?
3. When do they buy?
4. And why do they buy?
It is a subcategory of
marketing that blends
elements from
psychology, sociology,
sociopsychology,
anthropology and
economics.
It attempts to understand the
buyer decision making process,
both individually and in groups.
It studies characteristics of
individual consumers such as
demographics, psychographics,
and behavioral variables in an
attempt to understand people's
wants.
PSYCHOGRAPHY

“Psychography is the study of


differences that exist in
psychology of people of
different regions”.
We Marketing managers are
interested in behavior of
consumers vis-à-vis
products, kinds of product,
presentation and
characteristics of
products.
It also tries to assess
influences on the consumer
from groups such as family,
friends, reference groups,
and society in general.
Behavior depends on
which group one belongs
to.
MODELS OF
CONSUMER
BEHAVIOR
One of the best known of the
explanatory 'lain the interactions
involved are that of Howard and
Sheth. This contains a deal of
common sense, although, as is
often the case with such models,
the rather obscure terminology
makes it appear more confusing
than it really is.
The 'inputs' (stimuli) that the
consumer receives from his or
her environment are:

1- SIGNIFICATIVE
1. Significative - the 'real'
(physical) aspects of the
product or service (which the
company make use of).
2- SYMBOLIC
2. Symbolic - the ideas or
images attached by the
supplier (for example by
advertising)
3- SOCIAL
3. Social - the ideas or images
attached to the product or
service by 'society' (for
example, by reference
groups)
The 'outputs' are what happens,
the consumer's actions, as
observable results of the input
stimuli.
The consumer goes through
different processes to decide upon
his or her actions. Howard and
Sheth group these into two areas:

1. Perceptual - those concerned with


obtaining and handling information
about the product or service .
2. Learning - the processes of
learning that lead to the
decision itself .
BUYER DECISION
PROCESSES
“Buyer decision processes are
the decision making
processes undertaken by
consumers in regard to a
potential market transaction
before, during, and after the
purchase of a product or
service”.
More generally, decision
making is the cognitive
process of selecting a course
of action from among multiple
alternatives. Common
examples include shopping,
deciding what to eat.
Decision making is said to be a
psychological construct.
Decision making is
done even while shopping
smallest/insignificant
things/products.
In general there are three ways
of analyzing consumer buying
decisions.
ECONOMIC
MODELS
• Economic models - These
models are largely quantitative
and are based on the
assumptions of rationality and
near perfect knowledge. The
consumer is seen to maximize
their utility.
PSYCHOLOGICAL
MODELS
• Psychological models - These
models concentrate on
psychological and cognitive
processes such as motivation and
need reduction. They are
qualitative rather than quantitative
and build on sociological factors
like cultural influences and family
influences.
• Consumer behavior models -
These are practical models
used by marketers. They
typically blend both economic
and psychological models.

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