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Lesson 2. Probability Mass Function and Expected Value

The document defines key concepts related to probability mass functions (pmf) of discrete random variables including: - The pmf describes the probability distribution of a discrete random variable and satisfies properties of being greater than or equal to 0 and having a total probability of 1. - The expected value (E(X)) of a discrete random variable is the weighted average of its possible values, where each value is weighted by its respective probability according to the pmf. - Other key metrics for discrete random variables are defined including the variance, which is the expected value of the squared differences between values and the mean, and the standard deviation, which is the square root of the variance.

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Ana Marie Valenzuela
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36 views

Lesson 2. Probability Mass Function and Expected Value

The document defines key concepts related to probability mass functions (pmf) of discrete random variables including: - The pmf describes the probability distribution of a discrete random variable and satisfies properties of being greater than or equal to 0 and having a total probability of 1. - The expected value (E(X)) of a discrete random variable is the weighted average of its possible values, where each value is weighted by its respective probability according to the pmf. - Other key metrics for discrete random variables are defined including the variance, which is the expected value of the squared differences between values and the mean, and the standard deviation, which is the square root of the variance.

Uploaded by

Ana Marie Valenzuela
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Probability mass function (pmf)

 The probability distribution of a discrete random


variable.
The pmf of x is denoted by f(x) and satisfies the
following two basic properties:
a. f (x) = P (X = x) ≥ 0 if x ϵ the Support S
b. Σ f (x) = Σ P (X = x) = 1
xϵS xϵS

1
EXPEXTED VALUE OF A
DISCRETE RANDOM
VARIABLE

2
The expected value of a discrete random
variable X, denoted by E(X), is equal to the
weighted average of the elements x in the
Support S where each element is weighted
by its respective probability.

3
E(X) = Σ xf(x)
xϵS

4
Mean, variance and
standard deviation of a
discrete random variable
mean
-is also called the expected value of X
-it is the weighted average of all the
values that the random variable X
would assume in the long run
FORMULA

E(X) = Σ [x P(x) ]

Where X = discrete random variable


x = outcome or value of the random
variable
P(x) = probability of the outcome x
Variance
- is denoted by σ² or Var (X)
- The expected value of the square of the difference
between assumed value of random variable and
the mean
FORMULA of Variance
Var(X) = Σ [(x- μ)2 P(x) ]
σ² = Σ [(x- μ)2 P(x) ]

Where x = outcome or value of the random


variable
μ = populationmeans
P(x) = probability of the outcome
FORMULA of standard deviation
 
σ=

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