UNITED NATIONS POLICE

STANDARDIZED BEST PRACTICES

TOOLKIT ON
GENDER MAINSTREAMING
POLICING IN PEACEKEEPING

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 UNPOL GENDER
TOOLKIT

MODULE 3

LESSON 5

 ESTABLISHING SGBV INVESTIGATIVE POLICE

STRUCTURES

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 Learning Outcomes

• Understand the importance of community engagement

for identifying and solving problems

• Analyse the CHEERS and the PIERS method to identify and

coordinate approaches to SGBV-related problems

• Apply the SARA technique to resolve SGBV-related

problems

• Identify solutions to practical challenges in implementing

gender sensitive problem solving techniques

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 Lesson structure

1 Community Engagement
2 The CHEERS, PIERS and SARA models

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 Lesson structure

1 Community Engagement

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 GROUP DISCUSSION

What are the benefits for the

What are
police theproblem
to use benefits solving
for the
police to use problem solving
techniques when handling SGBV
techniques when handling SGBV
issues?
issues?

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 Expected outcome

helps identifying and

prioritizing community
issues
allows for medium to long term
strategies for reducing fear of
SGBV crimes and improve
quality of life

increases the resources

available to solve
problems

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 Expected outcome

establishes improved working

relationships with groups
vulnerable to SGBV within the
community

helps to develop and

maintain trust between the
police and community

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 Community engagement
and problem solving

Community
engagemen
t

Problem
Partnership
solving

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 DISCUSSION – 1ST part

What is community
engagement?

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DISCUSSION – 2nd part

In the context of this course,

what are groups within the
community that the police needs
to engage and consult with?
Why?

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 DISCUSSION – 3rd part

In your groups, discuss

What are the steps to assist the HSP in

developing community engagement?

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 EXPECTED OUTCOME

What is community
engagement?

It is a way for police to work in effective

partnerships with the community to solve
community issues and problems together.

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 EXPECTED OUTCOME

Lack of
motivation

Belief
input will CHALLENGES
Lack of
not be interest
considered

Fear

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 Inv Ide
olv wo ntify
e fe me
ma n’s
pol le gro
ice ups
Obt
ain
tru
st

par
tne Build
rsh
ips
EXPECTED OUTCOME

Pro
ble
m solv
e
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Assisting the HSP in developing community engagement
GROUP DISCUSSION

What are
challenges for the
police when
engaging with the
community?

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ENGAGEMENT AND PARTNERSHIP

UNPOL and
host-state
police

Engagement and
NGOs Partnership
Community

Government
agencies

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 BUILDING PARTNERSHIPS

Remember to
Identify
Clearly
UNPOL goals Clearly
communicate
and identify
these
objectives objectives of
objectives to
related to partners
other parties
SGBV
Seek a
Ensure the realistic
HSP is consensus on
included in how the
these parties can
deliberations support each
other
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 Lesson structure

2 The CHEERS, PIERS and SARA models

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 PROBLEM SOLVING

The
for problem
CHEERS
identification
method

The
for problem
PIERS
resolution
model

The
for problem
SARA
resolution
model

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 CHEERS

A police officer can use the CHEERS method

to help define if a series of events or factors
could become a community
problem or is already a
community problem.

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 CHEERS: SIX ELEMENTS FOR
IDENTIFICATION

A problem The problem

related to SGBV keeps
does or could People Expect
affect the the police to Recurring over
vulnerable solve the short or long
members of the problem periods of
Community. time.
The problem
related to There is a
There has
SGBV is Similarity
been more
Harmful to the than one between the
vulnerable Event of a events or
members of other
similar type.
the problems.
community.
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 PIERS

The PIERS Model is a way to bring a

comprehensive police response to a problem
once it has been identified. It is a generic
approach which can be
applied to SGBV crimes.

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 PIERS

P revention - Prevent and reduce SGBV crimes

I ntelligence - Improve knowledge on SGBV
E nforcement - Investigate SGBV crimes
R eassurance - Improve public confidence to
report SGBV crimes
S upport - Improve non-operational police
actions, such as training

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 SARA

The SARA method is a continual cycle and is a

form of analysing while looking for solutions.

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 SARA

It can be used on
Scanning small or large
problems.

If you cannot
Assessment Analysis complete one of
the steps, you
can use the same
model to work on
Response that issue until it
is resolved.

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 ACTIVITY

1. Get together in your field mission-specific

groups.
2. You are going to be assigned a specific
Carana scenario.
3. Apply the SARA model.
4. Be ready to present to your peers.

Further guidance is given on the next slides

and on the handbook provided to you

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 SCANNING

• It is important that assumptions are not made

about information that is collected.

• Identify SGBV problems that happen regularly

by searching based on crime type and location.

• Gather information from many sources, not just

police sources, such as surveys, NGOs,
community meetings and government agencies.
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 SCANNING

Define the exact nature of the problem and its cause.

Behavior
Location Time:
What are the
Where does it When does it
actions associated
occur? happen?
with the problem?

Item
People
What property is
Who are involved?
being targeted?

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 SCANNING

Develop objectives:

Decide
Behavior Do we want to eliminate,
Identify problem owner reduce harm, or reduce the
(not police) number of incidents caused
by the SGBV problem?

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 ANALYZING

Who are they Who are they?

Involves
and what do examining
How many?
they have in information to
common? How old are
make

OFFENDERS
VICTIMS

they?
Why are the deductions
victims Access to
vulnerable at vehicles and/or and identify
certain times? weapons? the cause, and
Do they have looking for
Can they protect
themselves gang reasons
better? associations? behind events.

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 CRIME ANALYSIS: CRIME TRIANGLES

Often used to understand and

visualize crime and disorder
problems.

Offender

Crime
analysis The location indicates the
law and procedures that
are in place for law
Victim Location enforcement.

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 RESPONSE

Who are the groups involved?

Women and children’s groups are primary partners in
resolving the problems related to SGBV. 

Criminal
justice

Non-criminal
justice

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 RESPONSE

• Ensure that as many aspects of the problem as possible are

addressed

• Avoid the sole use of resource intensive responses, such as police

patrols

• Generate responses with your partners

• Educate potential SGBV victims and offenders for prevention

purposes

• Consider environmental factors that may stop the problem, such as

lighting, vegetation, design, location.
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 RESPONSE: PLANNING

 Brainstorm with the community on the following:

Prioritie
Aim Ideas
s

Solution
Issues Causes
s

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 SWOT ANALYSIS

Another step when a brainstorming

group has agreed to co-work on a
problem is a SWOT analysis.

S trengths
Weaknesses
O pportunities
T hreats
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 SWOT ANALYSIS

Strengths Weaknesses
Different Communicatio
ethnic groups n barriers,
give wider resulting in
perspective confusion

Threats
Opportunities
Other groups
A NGO has
wish to
provided
compete for
resources, e.g.
those
transportation
resources

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 5 phases of planning a response

• Use
1. Define SMART
objectives objectives

2. • Record
Determine informatio
n from
where you previous
stand phases

• Brainstorming
3. Define sessions to
identify
the future possible
scenarios

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5 phases of planning a response

• Determine the
4. Choose best course of
alternatives action and
record the steps
after analysis to take

5. Implement • Determine
the plan and progress and
evaluate take courses
of action
results

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 DOCUMENTING THE ACTION PLAN

1. Discuss and agree on aim and solutions

2. Decide on tasks and who is responsible
3. Discuss and agree on resources and
timeframes
4. Agree on expected outcomes
5. Document plan and share with group (be
specific)

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ASSESSMENT

‘WHAT’ will measure our

success?

‘HOW’ will we find out this

information, particularly
around qualitative
measures?

‘WHEN’ should an
assessment of progress be
made?

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 ASSESSMENT

Assessment includes regular communications among

the plan’s participants to ensure issues are resolved
early so that the plan stays within its timeframe.

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 ASSESSMENT

Can be recorded through quantitative

and/or qualitative indicators
Quantitative Qualitative
indicators indicators
Measures
A numerical indicator improvement in the
quality of life., for
where an action can
example, the women’s
be measured through and children’s
numbers perception of safety
and security from SGBV

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 ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS

• Are courses of action or tasks ethically sound?

• Do the solutions abide by the laws of the country?
• Do they fall within the UN resolutions and mandates?
• Do they acknowledge human rights?
• Is the community happy with the outcome?
• Was there representation with affected groups?
• Did the host-state police participate?
• Did community and host-state police work together?

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 PROBLEM SOLVING KEY MESSAGES

• Identify your persons of influence and

persuade them to help
• Be inclusive
• Small communities are most successful
• Only work on one or two problems at a time
• Have a positive attitude to your work

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