Aerobic Cellular Respiration: Pea Plants Zophobus Morio Larvae

Aerobic
Cellular
Respiration
Pea plants Zophobus morio larvae

http://www.astronomynotes.com/nature/spr06flowers/red/red3.jpg AND http://aqualandpetsplus.com/Live%20F222.jpg
I. Cellular Respiration (Intro)
• Cells require ATP in order to function.
• Cellular respiration is the “metabolic
machinery that releases energy from food
molecules”.
Oxidized
Organic compounds ATP
Food (Loose electrons
Carbohydrates in form of H atoms) (energy)
Proteins
Lipids
I. Cellular Respiration: Anaerobic
vs. Aerobic
Anaerobic Respiration Aerobic Respiration

(ex. fermentation, lactic acid fermentation)
requires oxygen for the
does not require oxygen production of ATP.
for the production of ATP.
Certain organisms can perform both

Anaerobic and Aerobic respiration
depending on the availability of Oxygen.
vs. Aerobic
Certain organisms can perform both
Anaerobic and Aerobic respiration
depending on the availability of Oxygen.
Yeast Cells can perform aerobic respiration or alcoholic fermentation

Human Muscle Cells can perform aerobic respiration OR when starved for
oxygen, as in during vigorous exercise, muscle cells can switch to producing ATP
by lactic acid fermentation (cause of lactic acid buildup).
vs. Aerobic
Yeast Cells, in the absence of oxygen can produce ATP by alcoholic
fermentation.
enzymes
glucose 2 CO2 + 2C2H5OH (ethanol) + 2 ATP
Human Muscle Cells, when starved for oxygen as in during vigorous exercise,
can switch to producing ATP by lactic acid fermentation (cause of lactic acid
buildup).
enzymes
glucose 2 CO2 + 2C3H6O3 (lactic acid) + 2 ATP
II. Aerobic Respiration: Whole
Organism
• Aerobic respiration at the whole organism level
= process by which gases are exchanged with
the environment.
O2 CO2
Organism
• Respiratory Surface (= part of the organism
where O2 diffuses into and CO2 diffuses out of
the organism) must be moist, as gases must be
dissolved in water before they can diffuse in or
out.
http://www.go-epix.net/uploadedimages/Water%20drop%20ks16870%208050114134057.JPG
Organism
In unicellular aquatic
protozoans:
O2 dissolved in
water passes across
the cell membrane
by diffusion, and
CO2 exits.
CO2
O2
Organism
Planarian In multicellular
aquatic plants and
invertebrate
animals: O2
O2 CO2
dissolved in water
enters cells by
diffusion, and CO2
Elodea cell exits by diffusion.
http://www.cdb.riken.jp/jp/04_news/img/planarian300.jpg
Organism
In insects: O2 enters
through small
Spiracles openings in the
body wall (spiracles)
and is carried
through tracheal
tubes to moist cell
membranes, across
which respiratory
exchange occurs.
SEM spiracle
Organism
In fish: O2 (in H2O)

diffuses across the
surface of gills, into
capillaries of the
circulatory system
and CO2 diffuses in
the opposite
direction.
Organism
In terrestrial vertebrates: O2
diffuses across moist epithelial
cells in the internal alveoli of the
lungs. CO2 diffuses in the opposite
direction.
O2
CO2
Organism
In multicellular terrestrial
flowering plants: O2 (in
H2O) diffuses across the
surface of roots and
stems, and CO2 diffuses
in the opposite direction.
Leaves possess
specialized cells (guard
cells) which open and
close stomates,
regulating gas
exchange.
II. Aerobic Respiration: Cellular
• Cells of most organisms, including plants, carry
out aerobic cellular respiration 24 hours per day.
Enzymes
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP + Heat
Glucose 60% of energy from

glucose is trapped in
ATP
40% of energy from

glucose is lost as heat
Endothermic animals use
this heat for regulating
body temperature
To measure the rate of respiration one can either
1) measure the rate of reactants consumed, or
2) measure the rate of products produced.
Enzymes
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP + Heat
reactants consumed products produced
In lab you will be measuring the rate of reactants consumed.

Glycolysis
1
1 Glycolysis
– enzyme catalyzed
– energy releasing
– takes place in cell cytoplasm
(prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells)
C6H12O6 2 Pyruvic acid molecules + 2 NADH + 2 ATP
Glycolysis
1
Preparation step
2
1 Preparation step
– occurs in fluid matrix of mitochondria
(eukaryotic organisms)
2 Pyruvic acid mols CO2 + NADH + 2 Carbon compounds

Preparation step
2
Kreb’s Cycle
3
1 Kreb’s Cycle
– enzyme catalyzed
– occurs in fluid matrix of mitochondria
(eukaryotic organisms)
2 Carbon Compound CO2 + ATP + FADH2 + NADH

Acetyls
Kreb’s Cycle
3
E- transport and Chemiosmosis

4
1 E- transport and Chemiosmosis
– electrons from NADH and FADH2 pass through a
series of compounds and loose energy.
– some energy is lost as heat
– most of the energy is trapped at ATP through
the process of chemiosmosis
– occurs in cristae of the mitochondria
(eukaryotes) or folds of the cell membrane
(prokaryotes).
O2 is the final acceptor of electrons that were originally part of
the glucose molecule.
O2 combines with the electrons and H+ to form water.
E- transport and Chemiosmosis

4
Stage Site Within Cell Overall process Number of
ATP
molecules
produced
Glycolysis Cytosol Glucose is split into 2 2 per
molecules of pyruvate glucose
molecule
Pyruvate Matrix – inner Pyruvate is converted to none
Oxidation fluid of acetyl co A
mitochondria
Krebs Cycle Acetyl co A drives a cycle 2 per turn
of reactions to produce so 4 per
hydrogen glucose
Electron Inner membrane Hydrogen drives a series Up to 32 per
Transport of mitochondria of redox reactions to glucose
Chain produce ATP
Criteria Aerobic respiration Anaerobic
respiration
Organism Mostly living cell Bacteria, yeast,
muscle cells
Oxygen present Present Absent or limited
Glucose Complete Incomplete

breakdown
Place of glucose Cytoplasm and Cytoplasm only
breakdown mitochondrion
Yield Carbon dioxide, Ethanol, carbon
water, energy dioxide, energy,
lactic acid
Total energy High (38 ATP) Low (2 ATP)

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Aerobic

Pea plants Zophobus morio larvae

Anaerobic Respiration Aerobic Respiration

Certain organisms can perform both

Yeast Cells can perform aerobic respiration or alcoholic fermentation

In fish: O2 (in H2O)

Glucose 60% of energy from

40% of energy from

In lab you will be measuring the rate of reactants consumed.

2 Pyruvic acid mols CO2 + NADH + 2 Carbon compounds

2 Carbon Compound CO2 + ATP + FADH2 + NADH

E- transport and Chemiosmosis

E- transport and Chemiosmosis

Glucose Complete Incomplete

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