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    Gastrulation in Mammals

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    kashif manzoor
    1. Gastrulation establishes the three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm) in mammals during the third week of gestation. 2. The mammalian embryo undergoes modifications for development inside the mother, including trophoblast development and placental formation. 3. The inner cell mass separates into the epiblast and hypoblast (primitive endoderm), with the hypoblast forming the yolk sac and providing nutrient absorption.

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    Gastrulation in Mammals

    Uploaded by

    kashif manzoor
    4K views16 pages
    1. Gastrulation establishes the three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm) in mammals during the third week of gestation. 2. The mammalian embryo undergoes modifications for development inside the mother, including trophoblast development and placental formation. 3. The inner cell mass separates into the epiblast and hypoblast (primitive endoderm), with the hypoblast forming the yolk sac and providing nutrient absorption.

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    1. Gastrulation establishes the three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm) in mammals during the third week of gestation. 2. The mammalian embryo undergoes modifications for development inside the mother, including trophoblast development and placental formation. 3. The inner cell mass separates into the epiblast and hypoblast (primitive endoderm), with the hypoblast forming the yolk sac and providing nutrient absorption.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    4K views16 pages

    Gastrulation in Mammals

    Uploaded by

    kashif manzoor
    1. Gastrulation establishes the three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm) in mammals during the third week of gestation. 2. The mammalian embryo undergoes modifications for development inside the mother, including trophoblast development and placental formation. 3. The inner cell mass separates into the epiblast and hypoblast (primitive endoderm), with the hypoblast forming the yolk sac and providing nutrient absorption.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    1

    GASTRULATION in
    Mammals
    The most characteristic event occurring during
    the third week of gestation is GASTRULATION,
    the process that establishes all three germ layers
    (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) in the
    embryo.
    2
    Modifications for development inside another
    organism
    The mammalian embryo obtains nutrients directly
    from its mother and does not rely on stored yolk.
    This lead to a dramatic restructuring of the maternal
    anatomy such as
    1. expansion of the oviduct to form the uterus
    2. as well as the development of a fetal organ capable of
    absorbing maternal nutrients.
    3
    Modifications for development inside
    another organism

    The trophoblast develops through several


    stages,
    eventually becoming the chorion, the
    embryonically derived portion of the placenta.
    4
    Modifications for development inside
    another organism

    Trophoblast cells also induce the mother’s uterine


    cells to form the maternal portion of the placenta,
    the decidua.
    The decidua becomes rich in the blood vessels that
    will provide oxygen and nutrients to the embryo.
    5
    Modifications for development inside
    another organism
    The inner cell mass (ICM) gives rise to the
    epiblast and the hypoblast (primitive endoderm).
    The hypoblast will generate yolk sac cells, while
     the epiblast will generate the embryo, the
    amnion, and the allantois.
    6
    THE PRIMITIVE ENDODERM
    THE MAMMALIAN HYPOBLAST
     Thefirst segregation of cells within the inner cell mass (ICM)
    forms two layers.
     Thelower layer, in contact with the blastocoel, is called the
    primitive endoderm, and
     The remaining inner cell mass tissue above it is the epiblast.
    7
    Functions of Primitive Endoderm Yolk Sac

     The primitive endoderm will form the yolk sac of the embryo,
    It will be used
    1. for positioning the site of gastrulation,
    2. For regulating cell movements in the epiblast, and
    3. For promoting the maturation of blood cells.
     Moreover,the primitive endoderm, like the chick hypoblast, is
    an extraembryonic layer
    8
    Formation of Bilaminar Disc & Yolk Sac

    The epiblast and primitive endoderm form a


    structure called the bilaminar germ disc
    The primitive endoderm cells expand to line the
    blastocoel cavity, where they give rise to the yolk
    sac.
    9
    Visceral & Parietal Endoderm

    The primitive endoderm cells contacting the


    epiblast are the visceral endoderm, while
    those yolk sac cells contacting the trophoblast
    are the parietal endoderm.
    10
    Formation of Amnion

     The epiblast cell layer is split by small clefts to


    separate the embryonic epiblast from the other
    epiblast cells that form the amnion.
    11
    Functions of Amniotic Fluid

    Once the amnion is completed,


    the amniotic cavity fills with amniotic fluid, a
    secretion that
    1. serves as a shock absorber as well as
    2. preventing the developing embryo from
    drying out.
    12
    Main Role of Epiblast in formulation of
    Embryo

    The embryonic epiblast is thought to


    contain all the cells
    that will generate the actual embryo and
    is similar in many ways to the avian
    epiblast.
    13
    Formation of Mesoderm, Endoderm &
    Notochord

    Like the chick epiblast cells,


    1. mammalian mesoderm and
    2. endoderm cells originate in the epiblast,
    3. Those cells arising from the node give
    rise to the notochord.
    14
    Fibroblast Growth Factors

    Cell migration and specification are


    coordinated by fibroblast growth factors
    (FGFs).
    The cells of the primitive streak appear to
    be capable of both synthesizing and
    responding to FGFs
    15
    Functions of FGFs 8

    1. FGF8 probably control cell movement


    into the primitive streak by
    downregulating the E-cadherin that
    holds the epiblast cells together.
    2. FGF8 may also control cell specification
    16
    Ectoderm

     The ectodermal precursors are located anterior


    and lateral to the fully extended primitive
    streak

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