Dhaka, Bangladesh - AQI of 165, which is considered unhealthy for sensitive groups. The health message states that sensitive groups may experience health effects and members of these groups may experience more serious health effects.
Delhi, India - AQI of 208, which is considered very unhealthy. The health message states that everyone may begin to experience health effects, and members of sensitive groups may experience more serious health effects like aggravated asthma.
Manila, Philippines - AQI of 56, which is considered moderate. The health message states that unusually sensitive people should consider reducing prolonged or heavy exertion.
Dhaka, Bangladesh - AQI of 165, which is considered unhealthy for sensitive groups. The health message states that sensitive groups may experience health effects and members of these groups may experience more serious health effects.
Delhi, India - AQI of 208, which is considered very unhealthy. The health message states that everyone may begin to experience health effects, and members of sensitive groups may experience more serious health effects like aggravated asthma.
Manila, Philippines - AQI of 56, which is considered moderate. The health message states that unusually sensitive people should consider reducing prolonged or heavy exertion.
Dhaka, Bangladesh - AQI of 165, which is considered unhealthy for sensitive groups. The health message states that sensitive groups may experience health effects and members of these groups may experience more serious health effects.
Delhi, India - AQI of 208, which is considered very unhealthy. The health message states that everyone may begin to experience health effects, and members of sensitive groups may experience more serious health effects like aggravated asthma.
Manila, Philippines - AQI of 56, which is considered moderate. The health message states that unusually sensitive people should consider reducing prolonged or heavy exertion.
Dhaka, Bangladesh - AQI of 165, which is considered unhealthy for sensitive groups. The health message states that sensitive groups may experience health effects and members of these groups may experience more serious health effects.
Delhi, India - AQI of 208, which is considered very unhealthy. The health message states that everyone may begin to experience health effects, and members of sensitive groups may experience more serious health effects like aggravated asthma.
Manila, Philippines - AQI of 56, which is considered moderate. The health message states that unusually sensitive people should consider reducing prolonged or heavy exertion.
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Env 107L
Introduction to Environmental Science Lab Spring-2021 Faculty: Prof. Dr.Md. Anisur Rahman Khan (ARK) The air We breathe Air quality index (AQI)
An air quality index (AQI) is used by
government agencies[1] to communicate to the public how polluted the air currently is or how polluted it is forecast to become.[2][3] Public health risks increase as the AQI rises. Different countries have their own air quality indices, corresponding to different national air quality standards. Some of these are the Air Quality Health Index (Canada), Air Quality Index (AQI, USA), the Air Pollution Index (Malaysia), and the Pollutant Standards Index (Singapore). Air Quality Index, or AQI • In the U.S., one measure of outdoor air pollution is the Air Quality Index, or AQI which rates air conditions across the country based on concentrations of five major pollutants: ground-level ozone, particle pollution (or particulate matter), carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide Air quality index (AQI)
• An air quality measurement station in Edinburgh, Scotland
• Computation of the AQI requires an air pollutant concentration over a specified averaging period, obtained from an air monitor or model. Taken together, concentration and time represent the dose of the air pollutant. Health effects corresponding to a given dose are established by epidemiological research.[5] Air pollutants vary in potency, and the function used to convert from air pollutant concentration to AQI varies by pollutant. Its air quality index values are typically grouped into ranges. Each range is assigned a descriptor, a color code, and a standardized public health advisory. • The AQI can increase due to an increase of air emissions (for example, during rush hour traffic or when there is an upwind forest fire) or from a lack of dilution of air pollutants. Stagnant air, often caused by an anticyclone, temperature inversion, or low wind speeds lets air pollution remain in a local area, leading to high concentrations of pollutants, chemical reactions between air contaminants and hazy conditions.[6] Air quality index (AQI)
• Air Quality Health Index (Canada)
• Air quality in Canada has been reported for many years with provincial Air Quality Indices (AQIs). Significantly, AQI values reflect air quality management objectives, which are based on the lowest achievable emissions rate, rather than exclusive concern for human health. The Air Quality Health Index or (AQHI) is a scale designed to help understand the impact of air quality on health. It is a health protection tool used to make decisions to reduce short-term exposure to air pollution by adjusting activity levels during increased levels of air pollution. The Air Quality Health Index also provides advice on how to improve air quality by proposing behavioural change to reduce the environmental footprint. This index pays particular attention to people who are sensitive to air pollution. It provides them with advice on how to protect their health during air quality levels associated with low, moderate, high and very high health risks. Air quality index (AQI)
• The Air Quality Health Index provides a number
from 1 to 10+ to indicate the level of health risk associated with local air quality. On occasion, when the amount of air pollution is abnormally high, the number may exceed 10. The AQHI provides a local air quality current value as well as a local air quality maximums forecast for today, tonight, and tomorrow, and provides associated health advice.[14] Air quality index (AQI)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 +
Risk: Low (1–3) Moderate (4–6) High (7–10) Very high (above 10)
Air Quality Health Health Health Messages Air quality index (AQI) Risk Index At Risk population *General Population Enjoy your usual outdoor Ideal air quality for outdoor Low 1–3 activities. activities No need to modify your usual Consider reducing or rescheduling outdoor activities unless you Moderat 4–6 strenuous activities outdoors if experience symptoms such e you are experiencing symptoms. as coughing and throat irritation. Consider reducing or Reduce or reschedule strenuous rescheduling strenuous activities outdoors. Children and activities outdoors if you High 7–10 the elderly should also take it experience symptoms such easy. as coughing and throat irritation. Reduce or reschedule Avoid strenuous activities strenuous activities Very outdoors. Children and the elderly outdoors, especially if you Above 10 should also avoid outdoor experience symptoms such high physical exertion. as coughing and throat irritation. Air quality index (AQI)
Hong Kong] • On December 30, 2013, Hong Kong replaced the Air Pollution Index with a new index called the Air Quality Health Index.[15] This index, reported by the Environmental Protection Department, is measured on a scale of 1 to 10+ and considers four air pollutants: ozone; nitrogen dioxide; sulphur dioxide and particulate matter (including PM10 and PM2.5). For any given hour the AQHI is calculated from the sum of the percentage excess risk of daily hospital admissions attributable to the 3-hour moving average concentrations of these four pollutants. The AQHIs are grouped into five AQHI health risk categories with health advice provided:[16] Air quality Health risk category AQHI index (AQI) 1 Low 2 3 4 Moderate 5 6 High 7 8 Very High 9 10 Serious 10+ Air quality index (AQI)
The AQHIs are grouped into five AQHI health risk
categories with health advice provided:[16] of the health risk categories has advice associated with it. At the low and moderate levels the public are advised that they can continue normal activities. For the high category, children, the elderly and people with heart or respiratory illnesses are advised to reduce outdoor physical exertion. Above this (very high or serious), the general public are likewise advised to reduce or avoid outdoor physical exertion. Atmosphere
• Atmosphere of the earth
refers to the layer of air that surrounds the solid crust of the earth. • It extents as far as 1600 kilometers above the surface of earth. • The atmosphere is made of gasses such as nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), carbon dioxide (0.04%), hydrogen, water vapor, ozone, and the wind. What is Air Quality Index (AQI)? • The AQI is a tool for reporting daily air quality of any city or country. It tells how clean or polluted the air is, and what associated health effects might be a concern for public.
• In Bangladesh the AQI is based on 5 criteria pollutants; Particulate
Matter (PM10 and PM2.5), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Carbon monoxide (CO), Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and Ozone (O3). The Department of Environment (DoE) has set national ambient air quality standards for these pollutants.
• The AQI value runs from 0 to 500. The higher the AQI value, the greater the level of air pollution and the greater the health concern. • Now carefully look at an example of AQI report of Dhaka city collected by the US Embassy on 5th February 2020 which has been provided below. • Note that data from a single monitoring station cannot be applied to an entire city. Therefore, air quality data collected at one monitor station may differ from other monitors located in the same cities.
Question 1: Look at the AQI value for any five city (Including Dhaka) today and write it down with health message. https://www.airvisual.com/
