Rizal's Trial and Execution

RIZAL’S
TRIAL AND
EXECUTION
THE TRIAL
• Upon Rizal’s return to Manila, he was imprisoned in Fort Santiago,
while the Spanish authorities were investigating his case
• On November 20, 1896, the Spanish authorities discussed the nature
of Rizal’s case. They used the different poems, novels and letters of
Rizal against him. Among the writings which were used were the
Hymn for Talisay, Noli, El Fili, his speeches and letters which
according to them used by Rizal to encourage rebellion against the
church and government.
BY M. VILORIA
• He was accused as the leader of the
uprising and the founder of the
KKK since some of the founder of
the KKK was present in the
establishment of the La Liga
Filipina. They also found the
photograph of Rizal in the
headquarter of the KKK and his
name was also used as the password
of the KKK.
BY. M. VILORIA
• The preliminary investigation that was held on
November 20 was under the presence of Colonel
Francisco Olive, acting as the Judge Advocate,
He did not allow the witnesses to appear on the
trial or hearing. Two kind of evidences were
presented against Rizal categorically divided into
two
documentary evidences
testimonial evidences
BY. M. VILORIA
EVIDENCES PRESENTED BY COLONEL
OLIVE THAT HINT THEM TO PURSUE THE
TRIAL OF RIZAL
1. A letter from Antonio Luna to Mariano Ponce dated Oct 16,

1888, Madrid.
2. A letter of Rizal to his family dated August 20, 1890, Madrid
3. A letter from M.H. del Pilar to Deodato Arrelano dated Jan. 7,
1889, Madrid
4. A poem entitled “Kundiman” allegedly written by Rizal.
The verse are written in Tagalog.
BY. M. VILORIA
KUNDIMAN
“Tunay ngayong umid yaring dila’t Magbabalik man din at muling iiral
puso Ang ngalan Tagalog sa sandaigdigan
Sintay umilag, tuwa lumalayo
Bayan palibhasa’y lupig at sumuko Ibubuhos naming and dugo’babaha
Sa kapabayaan ng nagturong puno Matubos and lamang and sa amang lupa
Habang di ninilang panahong tadhana
Sintay’ tatahimik iidlip and nasa
Datapuwa’t muling sisikat and araw
Pilit maliligtas and inaping bayan
5. A letter of Carlos Oliver to an unidentified person, Sept 18, 1891
6. A Masonic document dated February 9, 1892
7. A letter signed Dimas Alang to Ten Luz (Juan Zulueta) dated may 24, 1892,
Hong Kong
8. A letter signed Dimas Alang to unidentified committee dated June 1, 1892,
Hong Kong
9. An anonymous and undated letter to the Editor of the Hong Kong Telegraph
10. A letter of Ildelfonso Laurel to Rizal, dated Sept 3, 1892
11. A letter of Segundo, dated Sept 17, 1893
12. A letter of M.H. del Pilar to Juan Zulueta
13. A transcript of the speech of Pinkian (Emilio Jacinto in a
meeting of the katipunan on July 23, 1893)
14. Transcript of the speech Tik-Tol ( Jose Turiano Santiago)
during the same katipunan meeting
15. A poem of Laon Laan (Jose Rizal) entitled “Talisay”
BY. M. VILORIA
RECOMMENDATION
• After the preliminary investigation, Judge Advocate General
NICOLAS de la PEÑA, submitted the following
1. the accused be immediately brought to trial
2. he should be kept in prison
3. an order of attachment is issued against his property as an
indemnity
4. he should be defended in court by an army officer
• November 26, the record of the case were handed – over to
Governor General Ramon Blanco who then appointed Captain
Rafael Dominguez as special Judge Advocate.
• December 8, 1896, Rizal chose from among the names given to
him, the person who could be his legal counsel. He chose LUIS
TAVIEL de ANDRADE, the brother of his former guard.
• On December 11, inside his prison cell there was a preliminary
trial. Rizal was informed on the charges against him
• Information of Charges against Rizal
1. the principal organizer and the living
soul of the Filipino insurrection
2. the founder of the societies,
periodicals and books dedicated to
formenting and propagating ideas of
rebellion.
RIZAL’S REBUT ON THE ACCUSATION
• 1. He does not question the jurisdiction of the court

• 2. He has nothing to amend except that during his exile in
Dapitan in 1892, he had not dealt in political matters
• 3. He has nothing to admit on the charges against him
• 4. He had nothing to admit on the declaration of the
witnesses. He had not met nor knew, against him
• December 13, General Blanco was replaced by
General Camilo de Polavieja (more ruthless
character)
Captain Rafael Dominguez a special judge
GOV. BLANCO
advocate submitted the papers of the Rizal case to
GOV. POLAVIEJA Malacanang Palace
December 15 – Rizal wrote a manifesto appealing
to his people to stop the necessary shedding of
blood and to achieve their liberties by means of
education and industry. But the manifesto was
suppressed thus it was not issued to the people.
BY. M. VILORIA
• December 26, 1896 at the Cuartel de Espana, the trial of dr.
Rizal held in a Spanish military court composed of Alien
Military Officer, Prosecutor Lt. Enrique de Alcocer.
• On said hearing, Pio Valenzuela pleaded was granted to
present testimonies
PIO VALENZUELA’S TESTIMONIES
1. He had not written a letter addressed to the Katipunan comprising
revolutionary elements
2. Without his knowledge, his name was used by the Katipunan; if he
really was guilty, he could have escaped while he was in Singapore
3. If he was guilty, he should have left the country while in exile.
More so, he shouldn't have built a home, brought a parcel of land or
established a hospital in Dapitan
• 5. If he was really the leader of the revolution, the
revolutionist should have consulted him
• 6. After the first meeting of La Liga, the association banished
because of his exile in Dapitan, thus did not last long.
7. If the la Liga was reorganized nine months, he had no idea
about it.
8. If the La Liga had a revolutionary purpose, then the
katipunan should have not been organized
• 9. If the Spanish authorities found his letters having bitter
atmosphere, it was because in 1890, his family was being
persecuted resulting to their dispossession of properties
• 10. He lived an exemplary life in Dapitan, the politico-
military commanders and missionary priests in the
province could attest to that
11. If according to witnesses the speech he delivered at Doroteo
Ongjunco’s house had inspired the revolution, then he want to confront
these persons. If he really was the revolutionist, then why did the
katipunan send an unfamiliar emissary to Dapitan.
• The prosecutor made a long summarized speech after the presentation
of Pio Valenzuela. In his speech he mentioned the charges against Dr.
Rizal and urged the court to give the verdict of Life imprisonment –
death penalty for sedition and rebellion and fine of 325 – 3250 pesetas
for illegal association or conspiracy findings.
• December 28 despite all valid pleading, the military court, vindictive as
it was, voted for the sentence of death.
• Governor Camilo de Polavieja affirmed the decision of the court
martial and ordered Rizal to be shot at 7:00 AM of December 1896 at
BAGUMBAYAN FIELD.
•Upon hearing the court’s decision, Rizal
already knew that there is no way that
his destiny would be changed- Rizal
knew it was his end and had accepted
his fate.
BY. M. VILORIA
SCHEDULES PRIOR TO THE LAST
JOURNEY OF DR. RIZAL’S LIFE
• December 29, 6:00 AM -- Rizal was read his verdict by

Captain Rafael Dominguez, “To be shot the next day at 7:00
AM at the LUNETA de BAGUMBAYAN
• December 29, 7:00 AM --Rizal was transferred to the chapel
cell. His first visitors were Jesuit priests, Father Miguel
Saderra Mata and Luis Viza, handed-over a religious images
to convince him to go back to the Catholic fold.
• December 29, 7:15 AM – After father Saderra left, Rizal put out a
piece from his pocket a Sacred Heart statute and asked Fr. Viza to
blessed the statute which he had carved when he was an Ateneo
student.
• December 29, 8:00 AM – Fr Viza was relieved by Fr. Antonio Rosell
who joined Rizal for breakfast. Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade joins
them.
• December 29, 9:00 AM -- Fr. Federico Fauna, came and reminisce
his reminders to Dr. Rizal that would lose his head for writing the
Noli Me Tangere. Rizal told him, “Father you are indeed a prophet”.
• December 29, 10:00 AM – Father Jose Vilaclara and Estanislao
March visited Rizal, followed by a Spanish journalist, Santiago
Mataix of El Heraldo de Madrid, for an interview
• December 29, 12:00 – 3:30 – Rizal’s time alone in his cell. He had
lunch wrote letters and last poem for about 14 stanzas. He used his
flowing handwriting in a very small piece of paper. He hid his
writings inside his alcohol stove. The untitled poem was later known
as Mi Ultimo Adios (My Last Farewell)
BY. M. VILORIA
• December 29, 4:00 PM – Dona Teodora Alonzo and his siblings
visited Rizal. Rizal whispered to his sister Trinidad in English
referring to the old petroleum lamp or alcohol stove “There is
something inside. . . While leaving for their carriage an official
handed over the alcohol stove to Narcisa. After their visit Fathers
Vilaclara and March returned to the cell followed by Father Rosell.
• December 29, 6:00PM – Rizal was visited by the dean of the Manila
Cathedral, Don Silvino Lopez Tuñon, Father march and Father
Vilaclara left Dr. Rizal to be with Don Tuñon.
• December 29, 8:00 PM – Rizal’s last supper where he informed
Captain Domiguez that he already forgave those who condemned him
• December 29, 9:30 PM – Rizal was visited by the fiscl of the Royal
Audiencia of manila Don Gaspar Cestaño with whom Rizal offered
the best chair of the cell. According to accounts, the fiscal left with a
written “ a good impression of Rizal’s intelligence and noble
character.
• December 30 5:00 AM – Teary –eyed Josephine Bracken and Josefa
came. According to the testimony of the agent of the CUERPO DE
VIGILANCIA, Josephine and Rizal were married
Was there really a marriage between Rizal and Josephine?
Did this mean that Rizal retract?
The marriage and retraction of Rizal – known controversies
in Philippine History
December 30, 1896 – Death March from Fort Santiago to

Bagumbayan
The procession was lead by 4 soldiers with bayoneted
rifles, Rizal accompanied by Lt Taviel de Andrade, Father
Vilaclara and father March.
• December 30 – Rizal, after arriving on the execution site at the
Luneta , Dr. Felipe Cruz Castillo checked his pulse. It was perfectly
normal
Rizal once wrote, “I wish to show those who deny us
patriotism that we know how to die for our duty and
our convictions”
December 30, 7:03 – With the captain shouting FUEGO,
shouts rang out from the guns of eight Indio soldiers.
Rizal”s Last word “ Consumatum est! (It is Finished!)
• Rizal being a convicted criminal
was not facing the firing squad
As he was hit, he resists and turns
himself to face the Spanish
authority set up the ceremony like
a fair. And even in the moment of
his fall, Rizal turns his body so
that he ends up lying on his back
with his face to the sun.
“Rizal falls down and dies
facing the sky”
BY. M. VILORIA
END OF THE PRESENTATION
BY. M. VILORIA

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RIZAL’S

1. A letter from Antonio Luna to Mariano Ponce dated Oct 16,

• 1. He does not question the jurisdiction of the court

• December 29, 6:00 AM -- Rizal was read his verdict by

December 30, 1896 – Death March from Fort Santiago to

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