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    Western Ethics

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    Jenica Mariel Gabaisen
    1. Greek ethics focused on determining what constitutes the good life. 2. Socrates believed that a person can act rightly if they know what is good, and that knowledge and virtue are inseparable. A wise person does what is right because they know it is right. 3. Plato believed happiness lies in reason, and posited two worlds - the ideal world of eternal ideas, and the phenomenal world of experience. Man connects these worlds. This document discusses the ethical teachings of major figures in ancient Greek philosophy such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle regarding concepts like the good life, virtue, and happiness. It examines

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    Western Ethics

    Uploaded by

    Jenica Mariel Gabaisen
    614 views11 pages
    1. Greek ethics focused on determining what constitutes the good life. 2. Socrates believed that a person can act rightly if they know what is good, and that knowledge and virtue are inseparable. A wise person does what is right because they know it is right. 3. Plato believed happiness lies in reason, and posited two worlds - the ideal world of eternal ideas, and the phenomenal world of experience. Man connects these worlds. This document discusses the ethical teachings of major figures in ancient Greek philosophy such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle regarding concepts like the good life, virtue, and happiness. It examines

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    1. Greek ethics focused on determining what constitutes the good life. 2. Socrates believed that a person can act rightly if they know what is good, and that knowledge and virtue are inseparable. A wise person does what is right because they know it is right. 3. Plato believed happiness lies in reason, and posited two worlds - the ideal world of eternal ideas, and the phenomenal world of experience. Man connects these worlds. This document discusses the ethical teachings of major figures in ancient Greek philosophy such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle regarding concepts like the good life, virtue, and happiness. It examines

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    614 views11 pages

    Western Ethics

    Uploaded by

    Jenica Mariel Gabaisen
    1. Greek ethics focused on determining what constitutes the good life. 2. Socrates believed that a person can act rightly if they know what is good, and that knowledge and virtue are inseparable. A wise person does what is right because they know it is right. 3. Plato believed happiness lies in reason, and posited two worlds - the ideal world of eternal ideas, and the phenomenal world of experience. Man connects these worlds. This document discusses the ethical teachings of major figures in ancient Greek philosophy such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle regarding concepts like the good life, virtue, and happiness. It examines

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    Western Ethics

    Greek Ethics

    Greek Ethics tries to provide an answer to the


    moral question: What is the good life?
    Ethical Teaching of Socrates
     A person can act correctly and well if he knows what is good life. Socrates
    argues that knowledge and virtue cannot be considered distinct from each other.
    So, a wise man, does what is right because he knows what is right.
     Socrates is telling us that correctness of one’s action is a projection of good. For
    him, the will of man always aims at the good. No individual person volitionally
    does evil, because the will cannot aim at the bad or evil; Socrates believes that a
    person does evil only indirectly.
     Ethics embodies a fundamental principle. This fundamental principle is man’s
    supreme goal which is happiness which man can attain by doing what is right.
    Ethical Teaching of Plato
     Plato contends that happiness lies in reason. For him, man actualizes himself if he
    tries to be rational.
     Plato posits that there are two domains of reality, namely: the Ideal (idea) and
    Phenomenal (phenomena) worlds.
     Ideal (idea) is described by Plato as eternal, immutable, self-existing, and
    indestructible.
     Man is the locus of the Ideal and Phenomenal worlds.
     Plato develops the concept that the life of reason (rational soul) is the happiest and
    the best form of life. Knowledge makes a well-balanced man, because the virtue
    called wisdom arises in the rational soul.
    Ethical Teaching of Aristotle
     Aristotle claims that ethics is a matter of planning, purpose and decision: a
    matter of character.
     It is not natural for man to be moral, but for man to be moral is something
    demanded by nature.
     Aristotle cannot help but admit that happiness is dependent on one’s self
    actualization.
     Aristotle is telling us that a virtuous person is a person who lives in reason is
    happy, because he is in active exercise of virtue.
    Doctrine of the Mean
    Aristotelian concept of the mean can be conveniently grouped as follows:
    1. The mean from the standpoint of conduct;
    2. The mean from the standpoint of intercourse between words and actions;
    and
    3. The mean from the standpoint of passions.
    1. The mean from the standpoint of conduct
    involves the following virtues:
    1.1 Concerning feelings of fear and confidence, Aristotle says courage
    is mean;
    1.2 Concerning pleasure and pain, temperance is the mean;
    1.3 Concerning the giving and taking of money, the mean is liberality;
    1.4 Concerning honor and dishonor, the mean is proper pride;
    1.4 Concerning anger, the mean is good- temper;
    2. The mean from the standpoint of intercourse
    between words and actions includes the following
    virtues:
    2.1 Concerning truth, the mean is truthfulness while the exaggeration is
    boastness and the deficiency is modesty;
    2.2 Concerning the pleasantness in giving of amusement, the mean is
    ready- willedness while the exaggeration is buffoonery and the deficiency
    is boorishness; and
    2.3 Concerning friendship, the mean is friendliness while the exaggeration
    is being obsequious or a flatterer and the deficiency is quarrelsomeness.
    3. Lastly, the mean from the standpoint of
    passions includes only one virtue:

    3.1 Concerning envy and spite, the mean is righteous indignation.


    Activity 1.
    Answer the following questions.
    1. How do you differentiate the modern and the contemporary
    trends of looking at morality?
    2. How did Socrates understand the good life or moral life?
    3. In the concrete human situation, does it follow that when one
    knows what is right he also does what is right?
    Thank you and God bless!
    - Maam Jo Kariza

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