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    The Complete Orthopaedic Examination of Patients With Injuries and Diseases of The Locomotor System

    Uploaded by

    Andreea Daniela
    The document outlines the complete orthopaedic examination process for patients with injuries or diseases of the locomotor system, including questioning the patient history, performing a general examination, measuring joint range of motion, palpation, percussion, and assessing muscle strength and functional disorders. Additional examination methods like x-rays, CT scans, MRI, and laboratory tests are also discussed.

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    The Complete Orthopaedic Examination of Patients With Injuries and Diseases of The Locomotor System

    Uploaded by

    Andreea Daniela
    208 views35 pages
    The document outlines the complete orthopaedic examination process for patients with injuries or diseases of the locomotor system, including questioning the patient history, performing a general examination, measuring joint range of motion, palpation, percussion, and assessing muscle strength and functional disorders. Additional examination methods like x-rays, CT scans, MRI, and laboratory tests are also discussed.

    Original Title

    1.Ortho Semiology

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    The document outlines the complete orthopaedic examination process for patients with injuries or diseases of the locomotor system, including questioning the patient history, performing a general examination, measuring joint range of motion, palpation, percussion, and assessing muscle strength and functional disorders. Additional examination methods like x-rays, CT scans, MRI, and laboratory tests are also discussed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    208 views35 pages

    The Complete Orthopaedic Examination of Patients With Injuries and Diseases of The Locomotor System

    Uploaded by

    Andreea Daniela
    The document outlines the complete orthopaedic examination process for patients with injuries or diseases of the locomotor system, including questioning the patient history, performing a general examination, measuring joint range of motion, palpation, percussion, and assessing muscle strength and functional disorders. Additional examination methods like x-rays, CT scans, MRI, and laboratory tests are also discussed.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 35

    The complete orthopaedic

    examination of patients with


    injuries and diseases of the
    locomotor system
    The methods are carried out in strict order.

    1. Questioning the patient: a) the patient’s complaints; b)


    the orthopedic history) the life history (the family history).
    2. General examination.
    3. Determination and measuring of the joint movements
    and measuring of the length of the extremities.
    4. Palpation.
    5. Percussion.
    6. Determination of the muscular strength.
    7. Determination of functional disorders.
    8. Additional methods of investigations.
    Complaints of orthopaedical
    patients
     The pain
     The limb length discrepancy (LLD):
     Restriction of the moverment in the
    joints
     Swelling
     The deffects of the soft tissue
     The losses of functions
    Anamnesis
    1. Case history

     In case of the othopedic injury you must


    determine exact date and time when the
    accident has been happened and
    circumstance.
    2. Life history (family history)

    History - taking is not just a way of


    killing time before writing up an x-ray
    form. It makes the diagnosis more often
    than does examination or x-ray alone.
    Abnormal position
    Clinical measurement of the limbs
    Clinical measurement of the upper limbs
    Axis of upper
     Valgus  Varus
    limbs
    Clinical measurement of the lower limbs
     Axis of the lower limb
    Valgus Varus
    Clinical measurement of the lower limbs

    Valgus of the tibia


    Clinical measurement of the lower limbs

    Valgus of the knee joint


    Clinical examination of the range of
    movements in joints

    The movement produced by the action of skeletal


    muscles of the body of the patient is called an “active
    movement”.
    In this case the movements should be examined
    passively and assisted
    There are three degrees of joint
    stiffness

    Ankylosis (all types of the movements are


    absent);

    Contracture (there is visible limitation of the


    movements);

    Regidity (the range of the movements in the


    joint is less than 5°).
    The flexion contracture of
    the knee joints
    Clinical examination of the range
    of movements in humerals joints
    Sholder dislocation
    Clinical examination of the range
    of movements in elbow joint
    Elbow dislocatin
    Radial head fx
    Clinical examination of the
    range of movements in knee
    joint
    Normal/Varus/Valgus
    Knee varus
    Knee dislocation
    Patella fx
    Clinical examination of the
    range of movements in hip
    joint
    Abnormal hip position
    Clinical measurement of the upper limbs
    according the bones puncts
    Clinical measurement of the lower limbs
    according the bones puncts
     The comparative measurement from the bones puncts:
    Types of limb length discrepancy
    (LLD):

    1. Real (anatomic) LLD


    may occur due to fracture
    or congenital anomalies
    (for example bone
    dysplasia).
    Types of limb length discrepancy
    (LLD):

    2. Apparent LLD is due to


    telescoping of the hip or
    humerus resulting from
    dislocation.
    Types of limb length discrepancy
    (LLD):

    3. Positional LLD is due


    to an adduction
    contracture or fixed
    flexion at the knee or
    hip.
    Types of limb length discrepancy
    (LLD):

    4. Mixed LLD is
    the total sum of all
    before mentioned
    types of LLD.
    Determination of the function

    A thorough clinical examination of the


    function of the locomotor apparatus is always of
    great importance in making a correct diagnosis.
    To examine the patient the students are to pay
    attention to the gait of the patient and his
    movements and adaptions.
    Additional methods of examination:
    • X-ray examination
    • Computer tomography;
    • Magnetic resonance;
    • Surgical examination (arthroscopy, biopsy,
    puncture of the cavity of the joints, lumbar
    punction, etc);
    • Laboratory examination (total blood count,
    blood sedimentation test, urinalysis, microscopic
    analysis, etc);
    • Electrodiagnosis (electrocardiography,
    electromyography, etc).

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