Module 8:

Control
Hazards and
Risks
GENERAL NOTES
✘ PREPARE A PAPER and A BALL PEN
✘ SET YOUR CAMERA ON STAND BY
✘ MAKE SURE YOU HAVE YOU GADGETS CHARGED

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PRE-ASSESSMENT #1
1. It is the condition where high standard of good housekeeping is maintained so that there is no dust and rust
anywhere.
A. sort C. sweep B. systematize D. sanitize
2. Which is practiced when your colleagues decide with you which things to put where taking into account the flow
of your work?
A. sort C. sweep B. systematize D. sanitize
3. It ensures the safety of the construction workers.
A. signs, signal & barricades C. exit signs B. danger signs D. safety instructions signs
4. Which shall be used when an immediate hazard exists?
A. signs, signal & barricades C. exit signs B. danger signs D. safety instructions signs
5. Which shall be used as temporary means of warning an existing hazard such as defected tools, equipment, etc?
A. danger Signs C. traffic signs B. accidental Prevention Tags D. directional signs

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 1.
General Safety
Measures using
Tools and
equipment
Workers using hand tools and equipment are
prone to hazards
Hazards in using Hand tools
and Equipment

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 Hazards in using Hand tools
and Equipment
Objects that fall, fly, Harmful dusts, fumes, Frayed or damaged
are abrasive, or splash mists, vapors, and electrical cords,
gases hazardous connections
and improper
grounding

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BASIC TOOL SAFETY RULES
✘ Maintain regularly
✘ Use right tool for the job
✘ Inspect before use
✘ Operate according to manufacturers’ instructions
✘ Use the right personal protective equipment (PPE)
✘ Use guards

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 HAND TOOLS HAZARDS
✘ Hazards are usually caused by misuse & improper maintenance
Do not use:
▪ wrenches when jaws are sprung
▪ impact tools (chisels and wedges) when heads have mushroomed
▪ tools with loose, cracked or splintered handles
▪ a screwdriver as a chisel
▪ tools with taped handles – they may be hiding cracks

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HAND TOOLS HAZARDS

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 HAND TOOLS PROTECTION
✘ Use PPE, such as safety goggles and
gloves
✘ Keep floor surface where working free
from debris and tripping or slipping
hazards
✘ Keep cutting tools sharp

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 POWER TOOLS
✘ Must be fitted with guards and safety
✘ Extremely hazardous when used improperly
✘ Different types, determined by their power source:
▪ Electric
▪ Pneumatic
▪ Liquid fuel
▪ Hydraulic
▪ Powder-actuated

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 POWER TOOLS
✘ Must be fitted with guards and safety
✘ Extremely hazardous when used
improperly
✘ Different types, determined by their power
source:
▪ Electric
▪ Pneumatic
▪ Liquid fuel
▪ Hydraulic
▪ Powder-actuated
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 SWITCHES
✘ Hand-held power tools must be equipped
with one of the following:
1. Constant pressure switch shuts off power
upon release Examples: circular saw, chain
saw, grinder, hand-held power drill.
2. On-Off Switch Examples: routers, planers,
laminate trimmers, shears, jig saws,
nibblers, scroll saws

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 POWER TOOL SAFETY
RULES
✘ Disconnect tools when not in use, before servicing and cleaning, and when changing accessories.
✘ Keep people not involved with the work away from the work
✘ Secure work with clamps or a vise, freeing both hands to operate the tool
✘ Don’t hold the switch button while carrying a plugged-in tool
✘ Keep tools sharp and clean
✘ Consider what you wear – loose clothing and jewelry can get caught in moving parts
✘ Remove damaged electric tools & tag them: “Do Not Use”

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 POWER TOOL SAFETY
RULES
✘ Don’t carry portable tools by the cord
✘ Don’t use electric cords to hoist or lower tools
✘ Don’t yank cord or hose to disconnect it
✘ Keep cords and hoses away from heat, oil, and
sharp edges

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 ELECTRIC POWER TOOLS
SAFETY RULES
✘ To protect a worker from shock, these tools
must:
▪ have a 3-wire cord plugged into a
grounded receptacle
▪ be double insulated, or
▪ be powered by a low-voltage isolation
transformer

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 ELECTRIC POWER TOOLS
SAFETY RULES
✘ Operate within design limits
✘ Use gloves and safety shoes
✘ Store in a dry place
✘ Don’t use in wet locations unless approved for
that
✘ Keep work areas well lit
✘ Ensure cords don’t present a tripping hazard

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 4.
Fire Prevention
and Protection
Procedure in dealing with workplace, accidents,
fire and Emergencies.
 PROCEDURES IN DEALING
WITH FIRE and EMERGENCIES
1. Do not panic, stay 2. Call the attention of 3. Use your firefighting
calm. everybody. equipment to control
extinguish the fire.
4. Call the office or the 5. Stay calm and study
fire station. the situation.

6. Call the attention of

your supervisor.

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FIRE: Types, Triangle
and Extinguishers
How to prevent and exterminate fire comes from
basic chemistry.

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 WHAT IS FIRE TRIANGLE?
The fire triangle's three sides illustrate the three elements of fire: heat, fuel and oxidization.

The three elements must be combined in the right proportions for a fire to occur. If any of the three
elements are removed, the fire is extinguished.

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 EXTINGUISHER FOR ITS
FIRE TYPE
FIRE extinguishers are a common sight wherever you travel, from government buildings to businesses
to restaurants.
They are placed in conspicuous locations purposely so they are easy to locate in case of fire.
However, even though the placement of fire extinguishers may seem obvious, there are strict guidelines
and standards set forth by the Occupational Health and Safety Administration and the National Fire
Protection Association.

These guidelines and standards concern the classification, labeling, and location of common fire
extinguishers.

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 A,B,C,D and K’s of FIRE
EXTINGUISHER
Fire extinguishers are classified by the type of fire that they will extinguish.

A Class A fire extinguisher is used for ordinary combustibles, such as wood, paper,
some plastics, and textiles. This class of fire requires the heat-absorbing effects of
water or the coating effects of certain dry chemicals. Extinguishers that are suitable
for Class A fires should be identified by a triangle containing the letter "A."

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 A,B,C,D and K’s of FIRE
EXTINGUISHER
Fire extinguishers are classified by the type of fire that they will extinguish.

A Class B fire extinguisher is used for flammable liquid and gas fires such as oil,
gasoline, etc. These fire extinguishers deprive the fire of oxygen and interrupt the
fire chain by inhibiting the release of combustible vapors. Extinguishers that are
suitable for Class B fires should be identified by a square containing the letter "B."

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 A,B,C,D and K’s of FIRE
EXTINGUISHER
Fire extinguishers are classified by the type of fire that they will extinguish.

A Class C fire extinguisher is used on fires that involve live electrical equipment,
which require the use of electrically nonconductive extinguishing agents. (Once the
electrical equipment is de-energized, extinguishers for Class A or B fires may be
used.) Extinguishers that are suitable for Class C fires should be identified by a
circle containing the letter "C."

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 A,B,C,D and K’s of FIRE
EXTINGUISHER
Fire extinguishers are classified by the type of fire that they will extinguish.

A Class D fire extinguisher is used on combustible metals, such as magnesium,

titanium, sodium, etc., which require an extinguishing medium that does not react
with the burning metal. Extinguishers that are suitable for Class D fires should be
identified by a five-point star containing the letter "D."

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 A,B,C,D and K’s of FIRE
EXTINGUISHER
Fire extinguishers are classified by the type of fire that they will extinguish.

A Class K fire extinguisher is used on fires involving cooking media (fats, grease,
and oils) in commercial cooking sites such as restaurants. These fire extinguishers
work on the principle of saponification. Saponification takes place when alkaline
mixtures, such as potassium acetate, potassium citrate, or potassium carbonate, are
applied to burning cooking oil or fat. The alkaline mixture combined with the fatty
acid creates a soapy foam on the surface that holds in the vapors and steam and
extinguishes the fire. These extinguishers are identified by the letter K.

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A,B,C,D and K’s of FIRE
EXTINGUISHER

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 HOW TO USE FIRE
EXTINGUISHER?
Most fire extinguishers operate using the following P.A.S.S. technique:
✘ PULL... Pull the pin. This will also break the tamper seal.
✘ AIM... Aim low, pointing the extinguisher nozzle (or its horn or hose) at the base of the fire. NOTE:
Do not touch the plastic discharge horn on CO2 extinguishers, it gets very cold and may damage
skin.
✘ SQUEEZE... Squeeze the handle to release the extinguishing agent.
✘ SWEEP... Sweep from side to side at the base of the fire until it appears to be out. Watch the area. If
the fire re-ignites, repeat steps 2 - 4.
If you have the slightest doubt about your ability to fight a fire....EVACUATE IMMEDIATELY!

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 HOW TO USE FIRE
EXTINGUISHER?
Discharge the extinguisher within its effective
range using the P.A.S.S. technique (pull, aim,
squeeze, sweep).

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 Control Hazards
and Risks
Assessment: Signs,
Signals and
Barricades
“By three methods we may learn wisdom: First, by reflection, which is noblest;
second, by imitation, which is easiest; and third by experience, which is the
bitterest.” - Confucius
 HAZARDS AND RISKS
IDENTIFICATION CONTROL
Requirements in Conducting/Identifying Hazards:
1. Requirements in Conducting/Identifying Hazards
2. Survey the workplace to identify hazards
3. This survey must be in writing and must be available to all workers
4. Determine whether any hazard requires Personal Protective Equipment
5. Pay special attention to working conditions or process that can produce hazards.
6. Reassess hazards whenever necessary, especially when new equipment is installed to avoid
accidents.
7. Any reassessment must be written and must be available to workers upon request.

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 HAZARDS AND RISKS
IDENTIFICATION CONTROL
Working conditions that can produce hazards 
1. Falling objects
2. Objects that can puncture skin
3. Objects that could roll over worker’s feet
4. Toxic chemicals
5. Heat
6. Radiation

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 Signs, Signals
and
Barricades
Signs, signals and barricades are important, if not critical, to
the safety of the construction workers
 Signs, Signals and Barricades
1. General. Signs and symbols required shall be visible at all times when work is being performed,
and shall be removed or covered promptly when the hazard does not exist anymore.
2. Danger Signs. Danger signs shall be used only where an immediate hazard exists. Danger signs
should be read as the predominating color for the upper panel; outline on the borders; and a white
lower panel for additional sign wording.
3. Caution Signs. Caution signs shall be used only to warn against or caution against practices.
Caution sign shall have yellow as the predominating color; black upper panel and borders; yellow
lettering of “caution” on the black panel; and the lower yellow panel for the additional sign
wording. Black lettering shall be used for additional wording. Standard color of the background
shall be yellow; and the panel, black with yellow letters. Any letter used against the yellow
background shall be black. The colors shall be those of opaque glossy samples.

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Danger signs should be read as the predominating color for the upper panel; outline
on the borders; and a white lower panel for additional sign wording.

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 Caution Signs. Caution signs shall be used only to warn against or caution against practices.
Caution sign shall have yellow as the predominating color; black upper panel and borders; yellow
lettering of “caution” on the black panel; and the lower yellow panel for the additional sign wording.
Black lettering shall be used for additional wording. Standard color of the background shall be
yellow; and the panel, black with yellow letters. Any letter used against the yellow background
shall be black. The colors shall be those of opaque glossy samples.

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 Signs, Signals and Barricades
1. Exit Signs. Exit signs, when required, shall be lettered in legible red letters, not less than 6 inches
high, on a white field and the principal stroke of the letters shall be at least three-fourths in width.
2. Safety Instructions Signs. Safety instruction signs, when used, shall be with green upper panel
with white letters to convey the principal message. Any additional wording on the sign shall be
black letters on the white background.
3. Directional Signs. Directional signs, other than automotive traffic signs specified in the paragraph
below, shall be white with a black panel and white directional symbol. Any wording on the sign
shall be black letters on the white background.
4. Traffic Signs. Construction areas shall be posted with legible traffic signs at point hazard. All
traffic control signs or devices used for protection of construction workers shall conform to
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards.

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Exit Signs. Exit signs, when required, shall be lettered in legible red letters, not less
than 6 inches high, on a white field and the principal stroke of the letters shall be at
least three-fourths in width.

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Safety Instructions Signs. Safety instruction signs, when used, shall be with green
upper panel with white letters to convey the principal message. Any additional
wording on the sign shall be black letters on the white background.

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Directional Signs. Directional signs, other than automotive traffic signs specified in
the paragraph below, shall be white with a black panel and white directional symbol.
Any wording on the sign shall be black letters on the white background.

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 Traffic Signs. Construction areas shall be posted with legible traffic signs at point
hazard. All traffic control signs or devices used for protection of construction workers
shall conform to Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards.

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Accidental Prevention Tags. Accident prevention tags shall be used as temporary
means of warning of an existing hazard such as defected tools, equipments, etc.
They shall not be used in place of, or as a substitute for, accident prevention signs.
Specifications for accident prevention tags similar as shown below shall apply.

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POST-ASSESSMENT #1
1. Your employer must conduct a hazard assessment in order to ___________.
A. avoid accident B. promote accident C. eliminate workers D. None of the above
2. OSH means _______________.
A. Occupational Service Healthy
B. Occupational Safe and Healthy
C. Occupational Safety and Health
D. None of the above
3. Identifying hazards makes you_________________.
A. safe from working B. comfortable while working C. work efficient D. all of the above
4. Who should first know about the accident that happened in your shop?
A. principal B. nurse C. teacher D. doctor
5. Accidents can be prevented ____________________.
A. through proper care and maintenance of tools and equipment B. right attitude toward work C. if you have a good
knowledge about safety practices D. None of the above 44
POST-ASSESSMENT #2
Draw the following signs correctly
1. Stop
2. Danger
3. Poisonous
4. Slippery when wet
5. Up

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5 s’ for ideal
work place
PRE-ASSESSMENT #2
1. Who introduced the 5Ss principle?
A. English C. Japanese B. Filipinos D. Japan

2. Which of the following are the 5Ss?

A. Seiri, Seiton,Sweep, Seiketsu Shitzuke
B. Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Sanitize, Shitzu
C. Sort, Seiton, Sweep, Seiketsu, Shitzu
D. Seiri, Systematize, Seiso, Seiketsu, Shitsu

3. It refers to the cleaning of workshop.

A. Seiton C. Seiso B. Seiri D. Seiketsu

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PRE-ASSESSMENT #2
4. It is the condition where high standard of good housekeeping is maintained so that there is no dust and rust
anywhere.

A. Sort C. Sweep B. Systematize D. Sanitize

5. Which is practiced when your colleagues decide with you which things to put where taking into account the flow
of your work?

A. Sort C. Sweep B. Systematize D. Sanitize

6. Its advantage is to promote camaraderie among workers in the company.

A. Shitsuke C. The 5Ss B. Seiton D. All of the above

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PRE-ASSESSMENT #2
7. It ensures the safety of the construction workers.
A. Signs, Signal & Barricades C. Exit Signs B. Danger Signs D. Safety Instructions Signs

8. Which shall be used when an immediate hazard exists?

A. Signs, Signal & Barricades C. Exit Signs B. Danger Signs D. Safety Instructions Signs

9. Which shall be used as temporary means of warning an existing hazard such as defected tools, equipment, etc?
A. Danger Signs C. Traffic Signs B. Accidental Prevention Tags D. Directional Signs

10. Which is a major factor for the prevention of shop accidents?

A. Signs, symbols, barricades C. Attitude B. The 5Ss Principle D. All of the above

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What is 5S?

The 5Ss are Japanese words that start with letter S.

But in the Philippines, some thought of 5 English words that all begin with letter S which is
equivalent to these Japanese words; it is therefore necessary to remember the Japanese’ 5Ss.
What is important aside from retaining this into our minds is to make it part of our daily habit.

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Below are the 5Ss and their English equivalent:

Japanese English Brief Explanation

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5Ss is not simply a list of action items.

It is an integrated concept of action, condition and culture.

The nature and implication of each S needs to be understood as follows:

1. SEIRI (SORT) is an Action to identify and eliminate all unnecessary items

from your workplace.

2. SEITON(SYSTEMATIZE) is an ACTION to put every necessary items in good

order.

3. SEISO (SWEEP) is an ACTION to clean your workplace thoroughly.

4. SIEKETSU (SANITIZE) is a CONDITION where high standard of good

housekeeping is maintained so that there is no dust and rust anywhere.

5. SHITSUKE (SELF-DISCIPLINE) is a CONDITION where all members

practice accordingly. It is a CULTURE.

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How to practice 5Ss?
1. SEIRI (SORT) means “take out unnecessary items and dispose’
Step 1 – Look around your workplace. Discover and identify items which are unnecessary to your
work. Then, dispose all unnecessary items. “NEVER KEEP ANYTHING WHICH IS
UNNECESSARY TO YOUR WORK.”
Step 2 – If you cannot decide whether an item is necessary or not, put “DISPOSAL NOTICE” with
the data on the item and set item aside.

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How to practice 5Ss?
1. SEIRI (SORT) means “take out unnecessary items and dispose’
Step 3 – After a period, say two months, check if someone has the item or not. If no one needed the item, that means
the item is not needed for your work. Note: Disposal can be done in either of the following ways:
1. Sell it to outside of the workplace.
2. Move to other department/section where the item is needed.
3. Throw it away, dispose as garbage.
4. In disposing the belongings, it is better to make people know who has the authority for disposal.
5. It is also better to make people know where to return excessive stock of materials and supplies.
6. While looking around for unnecessary items in your workplace, look at every nook like when you are looking for
cockroaches. It will be a bonus to you if you find some useful items.

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How to practice 5Ss?
2. SEITON (SYSTEMATIZE) means “Arrange necessary items in good order to use”
Step 1.Make sure that all unnecessary items are eliminated from your workplace.
Step 2.Decide with your workmates which things to put when taking into account the flow of your
work. The principle is to put most frequently needed items close to the user so as to minimize the
movement of the person. Things which are not so often used could not be placed slightly further away.
Step 3. It is necessary to make sure that everyone at your workplace knows what is kept for efficient
use. Make a list of things with location and put it in a locker or cabinet. Label each drawer/cabinet to
show what is kept inside.
Note: The object of SEITON (SYSTEMATIZED) is to make your workplace a safe and efficient place
to work in.

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How to practice 5Ss?
3. SEISO (SWEEP) means “Clean your workplace”. There is a very strong correlation between
quality of products and cleanliness of the workplace where products are manufactured. Accordingly,
SEISO (SWEEP) should be practiced every day, and sometimes, even during the day.
The following are suggested for your SEISO (SWEEP) operation: 
✘ Do not wait until things get dirty. Clean your workplace, including machines, equipment, tools and furniture
regularly so that they do not have chance to get dirty. 
✘ Put things inside for 3 minutes every day. 
✘ You and your workmates should be responsible for the dirty works around you.
✘ The janitors or sweepers will look after the common areas only. 
✘ Never throw anything and make it your habit. 
✘ Cleaning is also checking.

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How to practice 5Ss?
4. SEIKETSU (SANITIZE) means” Maintain high standard of housekeeping”. So as not to waste your
effort, do not stop after implementing initial 3Ss.
The following are suggested for your SEIKETSU(SANITIZE) operation: 
✘ Create a maintenance system for housekeeping. Make a schedule of cleaning for your workplace.

✘ Interdepartmental competition is a very effective means of sustaining and enhancing people’s
interest on 5Ss.
Note:
1. Indicate the names of the persons responsible for the work area and for the machine. 2. Regular
inspection and evaluation on the level of 4Ss by each work are necessary.
3. Do not criticize poor cases, but also praise and commend good practices or good performances.

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How to practice 5Ss?
5. SHITSUKE (SELF-DISCIPLINE) means “Do things spontaneously without being told or ordered.”
It is to make every one practice 4Ss spontaneously and willingly as habit or way of life. There is no
other way to foster such culture than practicing 4Ss regularly until such time when everyone becomes
fond of 5Ss.
To help such corporate culture conducive to 5Ss, the following need to be emphasized: 
✘ Treat your workplace as your own home. 
✘ You are spending most of your “WAKING TIME” at your workplace than at home. 
✘ Your workplace is an important place where to make income for yourself and your family. 
✘ Make your workplace as clean and comfortable as your home.

Note: In enhancing SHITSUKE (SELF-DISCIPLINE) of workers in a workplace, the rules of

management are very important. People with managerial duties should be worthy of respect and
emulation.
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How to practice 5Ss?
5. SHITSUKE (SELF-DISCIPLINE) means “Do things spontaneously without being told or ordered.”
It is to make every one practice 4Ss spontaneously and willingly as habit or way of life. There is no
other way to foster such culture than practicing 4Ss regularly until such time when everyone becomes
fond of 5Ss.
To help such corporate culture conducive to 5Ss, the following need to be emphasized: 
✘ Treat your workplace as your own home. 
✘ You are spending most of your “WAKING TIME” at your workplace than at home. 
✘ Your workplace is an important place where to make income for yourself and your family. 
✘ Make your workplace as clean and comfortable as your home.

Note: In enhancing SHITSUKE (SELF-DISCIPLINE) of workers in a workplace, the rules of

management are very important. People with managerial duties should be worthy of respect and
emulation.
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In summary: 

5Ss improves CREATIVITY of people 

5Ss improves COMMUNICATION 
5Ss improves HUMAN RELATION among people 
5Ss enhances COMRADESHIP among people 
5Ss gives VITALITY to people

Vitality of the people is the locomotion to move the company forward.

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THANKS!
Any questions?

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