Fallingwater by

Frank Lloyd Wright

• SUBMITTED TO : Azka Eshita
• SUBMITTED BY : Afsana
tarannum, suronjon sarker sarker
• ID : UG09-46-19-003,
UG09-46-19-012
• COURSE CODE : ARC 331
• COURSE TITLE : Art &Arch IV :
Modern
 Bio of Frank Lloyd Wright
Frank Lloyd Wright was an
American architect,
designer, writer, and
educator. He designed
more than 1,000 structures
over a creative period of 70
years. Wright believed in
designing in harmony with
humanity and the
environment, a philosophy
he called organic
architecture.
Frank Lloyd Wright,
original name Frank
Wright, (born June 8,
1867, Richland Center,
Wisconsin, U.S.—died
April 9, 1959, Phoenix,
Arizona), architect and
writer, an abundantly
creative master of
American architecture.
His “Prairie style”
became the basis of
20th-century
residential design in
the United States.
Wright’s Principles:
Over the breadth of his career, Wright developed a set of design principles that he
descried as “solidly basic to my sense and practice of architecture.” Articulated in both
his words and his work, these principles have been enthusiastically adopted by later
generations of architects or solidly rejected in equal measure.
Interpretation
We know that the interpretation of life is the true function of the architect, because
we know that buildings are made for life, to be lived in and to be lived in happily,
designed to contribute to that living joy and living beauty.
Kinship of Building to the Ground
In any and every case, the character of the site is the beginning of the building that
aspires to architecture.
Shelter
To qualify this common-sense desire for shelter as most significant feature of
architecture is now in organic architecture of greatly increased importance.
Form
In general, structure now becomes an affair from the inside outward instead of from
the outside inward.
Space
Properly focused upon needs of twentieth century life, new uses of livable space will
continually evolve, improved; more exuberant and serene.
Addendum
The building living before us now as an organism (twentieth century) may only be seen
by experience within the actual structure.
Tenuity + Continuity
both support and supported may now-by means of inserted and welded steel strand
be plaited and united as one physical body: ceilings and walls made one with floors
and reinforcing each other by making them continue into one another. This continuity
is made possible by the tenuity of steel.
Materials
Each material may become a happy determinant of style; to use any one material
wrongly is to abuse the integrity of the whole design.
Decentralization
A new sense of beauty seen in the machine age, characteristic of direct simplicity of
expression, is awakening in art to create a new world, or better said, to create the
world anew.
Character is Natural
Poetic tranquility instead of a more deadly “efficiency,” should be the consequence in
the art of Building: concordant, sane, exuberant, and appropriate to use.
Materials Used in Wright’s Designs :
Frank Lloyd Wright wasn’t afraid to use new building materials
when designing and building homes. Instead of the traditional
lead, which was used during the time, he used zinc came for
leadlight windows. He was also one of the first designers to
use precast concrete bricks and glass bricks in his design.

Zinc cams
Prism Glass Tiles

precast concrete bricks

Glass
7 Things We Didn’t Know about Frank Lloyd Wright:

1. His childhood greatly influenced his ideas about architecture.

2. He originally wanted to make the Guggenheim out of red marble.
3. He was a dealer of Japanese art.
4. He developed his own comprehensive theory of “organic architecture.”
5. Some of his most beloved buildings were plagued by maintenance problems.
6. He proposed a “mile high” tower in 1952.
7. He loved cars and collected them throughout his life.
Famous Art Works of Frank Lloyd Wright

Taliesin Line of
Decorative
Wallpapers
Side
Chair
Spindle Cube Chair

Skyscraper Vase
Fallingwater :
Fallingwater is a house designed by architect Frank Lloyd Wright in 1935
in southwest Pennsylvania's Laurel Highlands, about 90 minutes from
downtown Pittsburgh
At age 67, Frank Lloyd Wright
was given the opportunity to
design and construct
Fallingwater in 1930s
Pennsylvania in the Bear Run Nature Reserve
where a stream flows at 1298 feet above sea
level and suddenly breaks to fall at 30 feet,
Frank Lloyd Wright designed an extraordinary
house known as Fallingwater that redefined
the relationship between man, architecture,
and nature. The house was built as a weekend
home for owners Mr. Edgar Kaufmann, his
wife, and their son, whom he developed a
friendship with through their son who was
studying at Wright's school, the Taliesin
Fellowship.
Fallingwater :
The waterfall had been the family's retreat for fifteen years and when they commissioned
Wright to design the house they envisioned one across from the waterfall, so that they could
have it in their view. Instead, Wright integrated the design of the house with the waterfall
itself, placing it right on top of it to make it a part of the Kaufmanns' lives.

First Floor Plan

Wright's admiration for Japanese architecture was important in his inspiration for
this house, along with most of his work. Just like in Japanese architecture, Wright
wanted to create harmony between man and nature, and his integration of the
house with the waterfall was successful in doing so. 

Second Floor Plan

The house was meant to compliment its site while still competing with the drama of
the falls and their endless sounds of crashing water. The power of the falls is always
felt, not visually but through sound, as the breaking water could constantly be heard
throughout the entire house.

Third Floor Plan

Fallingwater consists of two parts: The main house of the clients which was built
between 1936-1938, and the guest room which was completed in 1939. The original
house contains simple rooms furnished by Wright himself, with an open living room
and compact kitchen on the first floor, and three small bedrooms located on the
second floor. The third floor was the location of the study and bedroom of Edgar Jr.,
the Kaufmann's son. The rooms all relate towards the house's natural surroundings,
and the living room even has steps that lead directly into the water below. 
Guest First Floor Plan
The circulation through the house consists of dark, narrow passageways, intended
this way so that people experience a feeling of compression when compared to that
of expansion the closer they get to the outdoors. The ceilings of the rooms are low,
reaching only up to 6'4" in some places, in order to direct the eye horizontally to
look outside. The beauty of these spaces is found in their extensions towards nature,
done with long cantilevered terraces. Shooting out at a series of right angles, the
terraces add an element of sculpture to the houses aside from their function.

Guest Second Floor Plan

The terraces form a complex, overriding horizontal force with their protrusions that
liberated space with their risen planes parallel to the ground. In order to support
them, Wright worked with engineers Mendel Glickman and William Wesley Peters.
Their solution was in the materials. 

The house took on "a definite masonry form" that related to the site, and for the
terraces they decided on a reinforced-concrete structure. It was Wright's first time
working with concrete for residences and though at first he did not have much
interest in the material, it had the flexibility to be cast into any shape, and when
reinforced with steel it gained an extraordinary tensile strength.
The exterior of Fallingwater enforces a
strong horizontal pattern with the bricks
and long terraces. The windows on the
facade have also have a special condition
where they open up at the corners, breaking
the box of the house and opening it to the
vast outdoors. 
Design Concept

• Horizontal & vertical lines are distinctive

features of the building
• Organic Architecture - In close relationship to the glen, the trees, the foliage and wild
flowers - The glory of the natural surrounding is brought in as part of the daily life… -
Spaces are designed to bring nature into the four walls
• Wright’s admiration for Japanese architecture was in his inspiration for this house,
along with most of his work.
• Their attention is directed toward the outside by low ceilings; no lordly hall sets the
tone but, instead, the luminous textures of the woodland, rhythmically enframed.
• columns and beams to form porches, and the plates, the horizontal elements that
stretch as terraces on the waterfall, were made with concrete. -Some walls and other
vertical elements that define the spaces of the house, the like the floor, were lined
with native stone from the site.
Prairie-Style Architecture
Prairie-style architecture is a style of building that believes a structure should reflect
and pay homage to the surrounding environment. This movement, also known as
Prarie School, is similar to the Arts and Crafts movement and is known as the first
distinctly American architectural style. Spaces are intended to be functional, flowing,
and open. 
Prairie-style architecture was founded by Frank Lloyd Wright and a group of young
architects that Wright would refer to as The New School of the Middle West. The
movement came after the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. The devastation opened up
several new building opportunities for young architects.

Characteristics
Wright thought of a Prairie-style house as a structure that was married to the ground.
In other words, he intended to create structures that replicated the flat, bare
landscape of the American Midwest. In doing so, he and his colleagues incorporated
several key characteristics into their work. 

Horizontal lines ,Handmade craftsmanship, Simple and natural woodwork, Open concept first
floor, Flow from inside to outside, Natural materials and motifs, Massive walls of windows
The Prairie style was inspired by the Arts and Crafts movement. 

Frank Llyod Wright drew a lot of inspiration from the Arts and Crafts Movement. This
inspiration led him to incorporate refined craftsmanship into his designs.