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    History of Psychometric Testing Dr. Ritu Sharma

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    Ananya Narang
    Modern psychometrics dates back to Sir Francis Galton in the late 1800s, who was interested in measuring individual differences and tested over 17,000 individuals on various physical and behavioral attributes. James Cattell later used the term "mental test" and established some of the first tests, though they focused more on motor and sensory skills. Alfred Binet then introduced one of the first modern intelligence tests in 1905, assessing higher cognitive processes. The use of psychometric testing expanded after World War I when Robert Yerkes had over 1.75 million army recruits complete tests, and factor analysis allowed the development of more aptitude and personality assessments. Psychometric tests now cover a wide range of domains from intelligence to personality to interests

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    History of Psychometric Testing Dr. Ritu Sharma

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    Ananya Narang
    656 views11 pages
    Modern psychometrics dates back to Sir Francis Galton in the late 1800s, who was interested in measuring individual differences and tested over 17,000 individuals on various physical and behavioral attributes. James Cattell later used the term "mental test" and established some of the first tests, though they focused more on motor and sensory skills. Alfred Binet then introduced one of the first modern intelligence tests in 1905, assessing higher cognitive processes. The use of psychometric testing expanded after World War I when Robert Yerkes had over 1.75 million army recruits complete tests, and factor analysis allowed the development of more aptitude and personality assessments. Psychometric tests now cover a wide range of domains from intelligence to personality to interests

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    Modern psychometrics dates back to Sir Francis Galton in the late 1800s, who was interested in measuring individual differences and tested over 17,000 individuals on various physical and behavioral attributes. James Cattell later used the term "mental test" and established some of the first tests, though they focused more on motor and sensory skills. Alfred Binet then introduced one of the first modern intelligence tests in 1905, assessing higher cognitive processes. The use of psychometric testing expanded after World War I when Robert Yerkes had over 1.75 million army recruits complete tests, and factor analysis allowed the development of more aptitude and personality assessments. Psychometric tests now cover a wide range of domains from intelligence to personality to interests

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    656 views11 pages

    History of Psychometric Testing Dr. Ritu Sharma

    Uploaded by

    Ananya Narang
    Modern psychometrics dates back to Sir Francis Galton in the late 1800s, who was interested in measuring individual differences and tested over 17,000 individuals on various physical and behavioral attributes. James Cattell later used the term "mental test" and established some of the first tests, though they focused more on motor and sensory skills. Alfred Binet then introduced one of the first modern intelligence tests in 1905, assessing higher cognitive processes. The use of psychometric testing expanded after World War I when Robert Yerkes had over 1.75 million army recruits complete tests, and factor analysis allowed the development of more aptitude and personality assessments. Psychometric tests now cover a wide range of domains from intelligence to personality to interests

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    History of Psychometric testing

    Dr. Ritu Sharma


    A brief history
    • Testing for proficiency dates back to
    2200 B.C., when the Chinese emperor
    used grueling tests to assess fitness for
    office

    Psychometrics: An intro
    Francis Galton
    • Modern psychometrics dates to Sir
    Francis Galton (1822-1911), Charles
    Darwin’s cousin
    • Interested in (in fact, obsessed with) individual
    differences and their distribution
    • 1884-1890: Tested 17,000 individuals on height,
    weight, sizes of accessible body parts, + behavior:
    hand strength, visual acuity, RT etc
    • Demonstrated that objective tests could provide
    meaningful scores

    Psychometrics: An intro
    James Cattell
    • James Cattell (studied with Wundt & Galton) first
    used the term ‘mental test’in 1890
    • His tests were in the ‘brass instruments’ tradition of Galton
    • mostly motor and acuity tests
    • Founded ‘Psychological Review’(1897)

    Psychometrics: An intro
    Clark Wissler
    • Clark Wissler (Cattell’s student) did the first basic validational research,
    examining the relation between the old ‘mental test’ scores and academic
    achievement

    • His results were largely discouraging


    • He had only bright college students in his sample
    • Why is this a problem?
    • Wissler became an anthropologist with a strong
    environmentalist bias.

    Psychometrics: An intro
    Alfred Binet
    • Goodenough (1949): The Galtonian approach was like “inferring the nature
    of genius from the the nature of stupidity or the qualities of water from
    those of….hydrogen and oxygen”.

    • Alfred Binet (1905) introduced the first modern


    intelligence test, which directly tested higher psychological
    processes (real abilities & practical judgments)
    • i.e. picture naming, rhyme production, weight
    ordering, question answering, word definition.
    • Also motivated IQ (Stern, 1914): mental ‘age’ divided by
    chronological age

    Psychometrics: An intro
    The rise of psychometrics
    • Lewis Terman (1916) produced a
    major revision of Binet’s scale
    • Robert Yerkes (1919) convinced the
    US government to test 1.75 million
    army recruits
    • Post WWI: Factor analysis emerged,
    making other aptitude and
    personality tests possible
    What is a psychometric test?
    • A test is a standardized procedure for sampling behavior
    and describing it using scores or categories
    – Most tests are predictive of of some non-test behavior of
    interest
    – Most tests are norm-referenced = they describe the behavior in
    terms of norms, test results gathered from a large group of
    subjects (the standardization sample)
    – Some tests are criterion-referenced = the objective is to see if
    the subject can attain some pre-specified criterion.

    Psychometrics: An intro
    The main types of tests
    • Intelligence tests: Assess intelligence
    • Aptitude tests: Assess capability
    • Achievement tests: Assess degree of accomplishment
    • Creativity tests: Assess capacity for novelty
    • Personality tests: Assess traits
    • Interest inventories: Assess preferences for activities
    • Behavioral tests: Measure behaviors and their
    antecedents/consequences
    • Neuropsychological tests: Measure cognitive, sensory,
    perceptual, or motor functions

    Psychometrics: An intro
    ASSIGNMENT

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