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    Ectopic Pregnancy

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    Prashanta Pahari
    An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tubes. The incidence is about 1% and 95-98% of ectopic pregnancies implant in the fallopian tubes. Risk factors include previous miscarriages, tubal damage, or use of an intrauterine device. Ectopic pregnancies can cause life-threatening bleeding if left untreated.

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    Ectopic Pregnancy

    Uploaded by

    Prashanta Pahari
    64 views14 pages
    An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tubes. The incidence is about 1% and 95-98% of ectopic pregnancies implant in the fallopian tubes. Risk factors include previous miscarriages, tubal damage, or use of an intrauterine device. Ectopic pregnancies can cause life-threatening bleeding if left untreated.

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    Ectopic Pregnancy (1)

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    An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tubes. The incidence is about 1% and 95-98% of ectopic pregnancies implant in the fallopian tubes. Risk factors include previous miscarriages, tubal damage, or use of an intrauterine device. Ectopic pregnancies can cause life-threatening bleeding if left untreated.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    64 views14 pages

    Ectopic Pregnancy

    Uploaded by

    Prashanta Pahari
    An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tubes. The incidence is about 1% and 95-98% of ectopic pregnancies implant in the fallopian tubes. Risk factors include previous miscarriages, tubal damage, or use of an intrauterine device. Ectopic pregnancies can cause life-threatening bleeding if left untreated.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    Ectopic pregnancy

    Introduction
    • The three main categories of early
    pregnancy disorders are:

    • 1. spontaneous miscarriages
    • 2. ectopic pregnancies
    • 3. gestational trophoblastic disorders
    (GTDs).
    Pregnancy tests
    • Human chorionic gonadotrophin is a
    placental derived glycoprotein, composed of
    two subunits, alpha and beta, which
    maintains the corpus luteum for the first 7
    weeks of gestation.

    • Extremely small quantities of hCG are


    produced by the pituitary gland and thus
    plasma hCG is almost exclusively produced by
    the placenta.
    Definition:
    An ectopic pregnancy occurs when the
    conceptus implants either outside the
    uterus (Fallopian tube, ovary or abdominal
    cavity) or in an abnormal position within
    the uterus (cornua, cervix).

     
    Blastocyst implanted in the fallopian tube
    Epidemiology and risk factors
    • The incidence of ectopic pregnancy is
    about 1 %.

    • Between 95 and 98 percent of ectopic


    pregnancies occur in the Fallopian
    tube.
    Site of ectopic pregnancy:
    • Site of tubal ectopic pregnancy are:
    • 1.More than 50 % of tubal pregnancies are
    situated in the ampulla.

    • 2. approximately 20 % occur in the isthmus.

    • 3. around 12 % are fimbrial .

    • 4.approximately 10 % are interstitial


    Ectopic pregnancy
    • Sites of Implantation
    – Fallopian tube – most common site (ampulla) – 95%
    – Ovary
    – Uterine cornu
    – Cervix
    – Broad ligament
    – Spleen 5%
    – Liver
    – Retroperitoneum
    – Diaphragm
    – Cesarean scar
    Pathogenesis
    Recurrence rate:
    • The risk of recurrence is around
    10 per cent and is increased in those who
    have had a previous miscarriage or who
    have suffered tubal damage.
    Mortality rate
    • mortality from ectopic pregnancy remains
    high.
    • representing 13 per cent of all maternal
    deaths .
    • The fatality rate of ectopic
    pregnancy
    is about four times that of
    childbirth.
    Ectopic pregnancy:
    pathophysiology
    - any mechanical or functional factors that prevent or
    interfere with the passage of the fertilized egg to the
    uterine cavity may be aetiological factors for an
    ectopic pregnancy.
    • Functional Factors : are
    1.pregesteron only pill.
    2. Intra uterine device.
    3. Luteal phase defects
    4.Cigarette smoking
    5.Vaginal douching
    pathophysiology

    -It is believed that the main cause for a tubal


    implantation of the gestational sac is a low-grade
    infection,

    as approximately 50 % of women operated on for


    an ectopic pregnancy have evidence of chronic
    pelvic inflammatory disease.
    pathophysiology
    • A high proportion of women with a tubal pregnancy
    miscarry during the early stages of gestation.

    • The products of conception may persist for a


    considerable period of time within the tube as one
    form of 'chronic ectopic pregnancy', or they may be
    gradually absorbed.
     

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