Lesson 1 Introduction To 21st Century Literature PDF

LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO
21 CENTURY LITERATURE
ST
It gives nostalgic feelings and enjoyment to re-
examine the comedies, tragedies and inspiration of the
beautiful Filipino poems, stories, essays and plays.
Going over them is a very wonderful experience. It
enables you to magnify your appreciation of literary
selections and see the role they play in society and
even grow and evolve through your literary journey.
WHAT IS LITERATURE?
Literature seems too difficult to embrace for people
who are indifferent to it. However, it continues to
grow and stay because of its significance and value to
man. Literature is an art of self-expression.
WHAT IS LITERATURE?
Literally, it means “an acquaintance with letters” as in the
first sense given in the Oxford English Dictionary. In Latin,
“littera” means an individual written character. It represents a
language or people; culture or tradition, passion and dignified
thoughts. It introduces us to new world of experience. It
records the experience of man. It imitates and interprets life
through language. Everything that is written is literature.
IMPORTANCE OF LITERATURE
Literature molds man as a total human being,
sympathetic, aware and sensitive. It educates and
entertains. When we read literature, we are informed
of events that beset our environment and the fictitious
characters are colorful events amuse us.
Literature leads us to understand the life of man. It is
important to us because it speaks to us and it affects us.
Even when literature is seemingly ugly, it is still beautiful.
It enlivens human interest, enriches and colors our
imagination. It is an expression of thought, feeling,
emotions and attitudes towards life. It shapes our minds
that make us changed individuals.
Literature shapes man not only as nurses, engineers,
accountants, teachers, doctors, computer specialists,
information technologists, etc. but as man, his
personality, as well as his views and ideas, count.
Literature entails reading.
In order to appreciate a literary piece, you may follow some
guidelines to follow in reading.
1. You have to read with purpose, not just for the story. For
example: If the story is recreational, it should always be
interesting and be able to provide pleasure, but you should
know how to read for more than just pleasure. You should read
with a purpose.
In order to appreciate a literary piece, you may follow
some guidelines to follow in reading.
2. You should be able to avoid reading selections and
television or video presentations that tackle details of
sin, crime and violence. If you pursue it, do it with a
good purpose.
In order to appreciate a literary piece, you may follow some
guidelines to follow in reading.
3. Individual titles should be evaluated with careful regard to
the positive principles set forth in Ellen White’s writings which
make the readers experience peace of mind and a reassurance of
soul, which tends toward sensible, moral, and compassionate
living, and that the titles can satisfy the deepest yearnings of the
human heart.
4. You should be able to discriminate between the best
and the inferior literature.
5. Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true,
whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are
pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things
are of good report, if there be any virtue, and if there be
any praise, think of these things. (Phil 4:8)
TYPES OF LITERATURE
Literature has two major types: oral and written.
Oral literature includes ballads, myth, jokes, folktales
and fables; whereas written source has drama, novel,
poetry and nonfictional literature.
TYPES OF LITERATURE
Kinds of Literature according to Structure
Poetry is an artistic piece of philosophical, personal,
imaginative or inspirational nature that is laid out in
lines.
Prose is a literary piece that is written without
metrical structure.
TYPES OF LITERATURE
Literature can also be classified as either fictional or
non-fictional.
Fictional literature is simply defined as a product of
one’s imaginative mind. It can be a drama, short story,
novel, myth, folktale and poetry.
TYPES OF LITERATURE
Literature can also be classified as either fictional or non-
fictional.
Non-fictional literature is opposite to fiction as it comes out
of one’s personal experiences, a true and factual account of
varying information. It comprises the interesting facts with
analysis and illustrations. It includes autobiography,
biography, essay, literary criticism, journal, newspaper, diary,
magazine, etc.
LITERARY GENRES (FORMS)
This module-workbook sums up four literary genres
or forms: poem, short story, essay and drama.
Poem
Poem is a composition written in verses having
standard measurements and written with a higher
intensity of artistic beauty. William Wordsworth puts
it as “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings
in tranquility.”
Poem
The poet employs the following in constructing a
poem; diction that includes denotation and
connotation of words, imagery, symbolism, figurative
language, rhythm and rhyme.
Poem
These are explained in the lessons that follow.
Interpreting poems is not easy. Poems are difficult to
understand. It is very important that we need to use
literary approaches and historical backgrounds in
reading this literary form.
Poem
Poems are classified into three: lyric, narrative and
dramatic.
Lyric poem refers to short poems which express the
persona thoughts or emotions of the poet. It can be a
song, ode, elegy or sonnet. It is intended to be sung.
Poem
Narrative poem tells a story. It can be ballad or an
epic.
Dramatic poetry is a theatrical dialogue performed on
stage. It can bean tragedy, comedy, melodrama or
tragicomedy.
Short Story
Short story is a small commercial fiction, true or imaginary,
and smaller than a novel. It is composed with an easy
beginning illustrated in its exposition, a conflict that holds the
problem to be solved in the selection, a concrete theme that
presents the subject matter of the story, some dialogs and
actions that picture the rising action and climax, and ends with
a resolution.
Short Story
They are oral and short-lived. Some examples are
gossip, joke, fable, myth, parable, hearsay and legend.
However, short stories are now written for
appreciation and evaluation.
Essay
Essay is a literary composition that presents the
author’s point of view about any particular topic in a
detailed way. Essay has simple way of narrating the
main subject; therefore, they are descriptive lengthy,
subject-oriented and comparative.
Essay
Different types of essay: Personal essay, expository essay
type, response essay, process essay, persuasive essay,
argumentative essay, critical essay type, interview essay,
reflective essay type, evaluation, observation essay,
comparison type of essay, application essay, compare and
contrast essay and narrative essay type.
1. The repetition of consonant sounds in words.
Answer: Alliteration
2. It is a narrative poem written in four-line
stanzas.
Answer: Ballad
3. It is the emotional high point of the story. It is
also the most exciting part.
Answer: Climax
4. It is the repetition of vowel sounds.
Answer: Assonance
5. According to the Nicaraguan poet Daisy
Zamora, poetry is:
Answer: “a way of feeling life”
6. Essays that uses details related to the senses to
create mental images for the reader.
Answer: Descriptive essays
7. Articles that explain the steps in a process,
report the news, or analyze a work of literature are
all examples of:
Answer: Expository essays
8. It introduces the story's characters, setting, and
conflict.
Answer: Exposition
9. It is a character that remains essentially the same
throughout the story.
Answer: Static character
10. "The future looks fantastic, what with the
flying cars and modern technology." This is an
example of a:
Answer: Setting as Time
11. A poem in which the first letter of each line, when
read vertically, spell out a word, which is usually the
subject of the poem.
Answer: Acrostic poem
12. It is the repetition of the same stressed vowel
sound and any succeeding sounds in two or more
words.
Answer: Rhyme
13. Not every poem has a speaker.
Answer: False
14. "A big blue house, with a well-kept rose
garden," is an example of a:
Answer: Setting as Place
15. It is the method by which writers and speakers
reveal attitudes or feelings.
Answer: Tone
16. It is an artistic piece of philosophical, personal,
imaginative or inspirational nature that is laid out
in lines.
Answer: Poetry
17. It is simply defined as a product of one's
imaginative mind. It can be a drama, short story, novel,
myth, folktale, and poetry.
Answer: Fictional literature
18. The conflict in a short story is a major element of
plot because it arouses curiosity, causes doubt, creates
tension and produces interest.
Answer: True
19. It is a story about animals that possess human
traits.
Answer: Fable
20. Literature, in a literal sense, means:
Answer: “an acquaintance with letters”
21. In a drama, the plot encompasses all the
incidents and provides aesthetic pleasure.
Answer: True
22. It is an allegory with moral or religious bent.
Answer: Parable

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