Cloud computing

PRASOB A C
 Why we use cloud computing?

Case 1:Write a file

Save
Computer down, file is lost
Files are always stored in cloud, never lost
Case 2:Use IE --- download, install, use
Use QQ --- download, install, use
Use C++ --- download, install, use
……

Get the serve from the cloud

 Origin of the term “Cloud Computing”

“Comes from the early days of the Internet where we drew the
network as a cloud… we didn’t care where the messages went…
the cloud hid it from us” – Kevin Marks, Google

First cloud around networking (TCP/IP abstraction)

Second cloud around documents (WWW data abstraction)

The emerging cloud abstracts infrastructure complexities of
servers, applications, data, and heterogeneous platforms
(“muck” as Amazon’s CEO Jeff Bezos calls it)
A Working Definition of Cloud Computing


Cloud computing is a model for enabling
convenient, on-demand network access to a
shared pool of configurable computing resources
(e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and
services) that can be rapidly provisioned and
released with minimal management effort or
service provider interaction.

This cloud model promotes availability and is composed of
five essential characteristics, three service models, and
four deployment models.
5 Essential Cloud Characteristics

On-demand self-service
Broad network access
Resource pooling
Location independence
Rapid elasticity
Measured service
The architecture of cloud computing
system
Types of cloud service

SaaS
Software as a Service

PaaS
Platform as a Service

IaaS
Infrastructure as a Service
SaaS

Software delivery model

 No hardware or software to manage
 Service delivered through a browser
 Customers use the service on demand
 Instant Scalability
SaaS Examples

 Your current CRM package is not

managing the load or you simply don’t
want to host it in-house. Use a SaaS
provider such as Salesforce.com

 Your email is hosted on an exchange

server in your office and it is very slow.
Outsource this using Hosted Exchange.
PaaS

Platform delivery
model
 Platforms are built upon
Infrastructure, which is expensive
 Estimating demand is not a science!
 Platform management is not fun!
PaaS

Examples
 You need to host a large file (5Mb) on your website
and make it available for 35,000 users for only two
months duration. Use Cloud Front from Amazon.

 You want to start storage services on your network

for a large number of files and you do not have the
storage capacity…use Amazon S3.
IaaS
Computer infrastructure
delivery model
 A platform virtualization environment
 Computing resources, such as storing
and processing capacity.
 Virtualization taken a step further
IaaS

Examples
 You want to run a batch job but you don’t
have the infrastructure necessary to run it
in a timely manner. Use Amazon EC2.

 You want to host a website, but only for a

few days. Use Flexiscale.
 4 Cloud Deployment Models
 Private cloud
 enterprise owned or leased
 Community cloud
 shared infrastructure for specific community
 Public cloud
 Sold to the public, mega-scale infrastructure
 Hybrid cloud
 composition of two or more clouds

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 Analyzing Cloud Security
 Some key issues:
 trust, multi-tenancy, encryption, compliance
 Clouds are massively complex systems can be
reduced to simple primitives that are replicated
thousands of times and common functional
units
 Cloud security is a tractable problem
 There are both advantages and challenges

Former Intel CEO, Andy Grove: “only the paranoid survive”

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Security is the Major Issue

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 General Security Advantages
 Shifting public data to a external cloud reduces
the exposure of the internal sensitive data
 Cloud homogeneity makes security
auditing/testing simpler
 Clouds enable automated security management
 Redundancy / Disaster Recovery

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 General Security
Challenges
 Trusting vendor’s security model
 Customer inability to respond to audit findings
 Obtaining support for investigations
 Indirect administrator accountability
 Proprietary implementations can’t be examined
 Loss of physical control

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 Cloud Economics
 Estimates vary widely on possible cost savings
 “If you move your data centre to a cloud provider, it
will cost a tenth of the cost.” – Brian Gammage,
Gartner Fellow
 Use of cloud applications can reduce costs from 50%
to 90% - CTO of Washington D.C.
 IT resource subscription pilot saw 28% cost savings -
Alchemy Plus cloud (backing from Microsoft)
 Preferred Hotel
 Traditional: $210k server refresh and $10k/month
 Cloud: $10k implementation and $16k/month
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Case Study: Facebook’s Use of Open
Source and Commodity Hardware (8/08)
 Jonathan Heiliger, Facebook's vice president of technical
operations
 80 million users + 250,000 new users per day
 50,000 transactions per second, 10,000+ servers
 Built on open source software
 Web and App tier: Apache, PHP, AJAX
 Middleware tier: Memcached (Open source caching)
 Data tier: MySQL (Open source DB)
 Thousands of DB instances store data in distributed
fashion (avoids collisions of many users accessing the
same DB)
 “We don't need fancy graphics chips and PCI cards," he
said. “We need one USB port and optimized power and
airflow. Give me one CPU, a little memory and one
power supply. If it fails, I don't care. We are solving the
redundancy problem in software.”
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The Storm is Coming

Summary
 Cloud Computing is an organizing principle for buyers
 Focus is on faster, cheaper, better applications
 IT will have to enable the company to use outside
providers then compete with them to provide services
 New models will emerge to drive growth and reduce
costs
 Software as a Service is the short term opportunity,
Infrastructure as a Service the long term, Platform as a
Service has limited value