RAJ Seminar Paper

KEYBOARD WITHOUT KEYBOARD
FINAL YEAR TECHINICAL SEMINAR PAPER

ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021
DEPT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING
BTL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND
MANAGEMENT
BANGALORE
9/15/21
DONE BY : MOHAMMED RAIHAN.
CONTENTS
Abstract
Introduction
Alphanumeric Inputs
Speech Recognition
Handwriting Recognition
Virtual Keyboards
Conclusions
Reference
ABSTRACT
• Wearable devices eliminate the need of physically taking out a
mobile device before operating on it and are emerging as the next
wave of mobile systems.
• This the design, implementation and evaluation of a text input
system for HMDs called Air Typing, which requires only a standard
camera and is shown to be comparable in effectiveness to single-
hand text input on tablet computers in a lab setting.
• Air Typing features a novel two-level virtual keyword layout,
which substantially improves the typing speed by cutting down
unnecessary hand movements and greatly simplifies the associated
image processing task by doing away with fine-grained matching
between fingertips and keys.
INTRODUCTION
• Touch-typing or machine writing was invented for mechanical

typewriters which had the current QWERTY key layout since 1874.
• While this interface is come to age, it survived because of its many
positive aspects.
• We survey the state of the art in alphanumeric input interfaces.
• We conclude with stating that keyboards – whether virtual or real –
are very well suited to the task of alphanumeric input.
ALPHANUMERIC INPUT
• Since language and its manifestation in sentences, words,

and letters is the human’s primary means of
communication, it has been researched extensively for the
human-to-computer interaction as well. In this section, we
take a look at two main categories:
 Speech recognition
 Handwriting recognition
SPEECH RECOGNITION
• Probably the most hailed UI, speech recognition (SR) is

now at a stage where it can be successfully deployed in
limited domains, such as in call centers for customer
service or for voice dialing on mobile phones.
• Under these conditions it provides a highly user friendly,
unobtrusive, flexible and efficient interface method.
• Noisy environments, speaker particularities (accents,
speech impediments) worsen the situation.
HANDWRITING RECOGNITION
• Handwriting recognition is another interface that offers

itself to HCI due to its widespread mastery.
• They achieve good recognition rates and can be
implemented on devices with limited capabilities.
• Just as in writing on plain paper though, the throughput is
limited because a single actuator (the pen led by the
fingers) is performing the communication task.
• The improvement that can be achieved by training of
motor capabilities peaks out much quicker than it does for
cognitive capabilities.
VIRTUAL KEYBOARDS
• We define a virtual keyboard as a touch-typing device that does not
have a physical manifestation of the sensing areas. That is, the
sensing area which acts as a button is not per se a button but instead
is programmed to act as one.
• The following subsections of each Virtual Keyboards.
 Visual Panel
 Thumb code
 VKey
 VKB Projection
 Senseboard
VISUAL PANEL
• The location of the extended index finger in reference to the paper is located
with computer vision means.
• The primary application is a mouse pointer, clicking is achieved by resting the
fingertip in its current position for three seconds.
THUMBCODE
• The “Thumbcode” method describes the

touch of the thumb onto the other
fingers’ phalanges of the same hand as
key strokes.
• Consequently there are 12 discrete keys
• The four fingers can touch each other in
eight different ways, each basically
representing a mode, or modifier key that
affects the mapping for the thumb touch.
VKEY
• Virtual Devices Inc. recently announced a

combined projection and recognition VK .
• . Little is known about this device, but
their press release suggests that visual
sensors (cameras) detect the movement
of all ten fingers.
• Just as the VKB device, the VKey also
consists of a tabletop unit and feedback is
the tactile sensation of hitting a surface
VKB PROJECTION
• The virtual keyboard technology

developed by VKB is a tabletop unit that
projects a laser image of a keyboard on
any flat surface.
• Infrared cameras detect key strokes of
all ten fingers.
• Word disambiguation techniques are
employed despite this 1 DOF mapping.
SENSEBOARD
• The Senseboard consists of two rubber pads

that slip onto the user’s hands.
• Muscle movements in the palm are sensed
(with unspecified, non-invasive means) and
translated into key strokes with pattern
recognition methods.
• All further information (obtained from the
company’s web site) can be found in the
tabular comparison.
CONCLUSIONS
• We first gave an overview of the range of input devices and

methods for alphanumeric data.
• We then had a closer look at touch-typing as input method and
highlighted its benefits.
• We found that the trend goes towards retaining the original
keyboard metaphor as closely as possible.
• Our conclusions are that while the keyboard is often regarded as an
antique method that is unsuitable to modern computing devices.
REFERENCE
• [1] Alden, D.G., Daniels, R. W., Kanarick, A.F. Keyboard Design and
Operation: A Review of the Major Issues. The Journal of the Human Factors
Society, vol. 14, 4, pp. 275- 293, 1972.
• [2] Blinkenstorfer, C. H. Graffiti. Pen Computing, 30–31, Jan. 1995.
• [3] Daniel, K. W. MurphyWas a Captioner.
http://www.robson.org/gary/captioning/murphy.html
• [4] Davis, J. R. Let Your Fingers do the Spelling: Implicit disambiguation of
words spelled with the telephone keypad. Avios Journal, 9, 57-66, March
1991.
• [5] DSI Datotech Systems Inc.: Multi-Point Touchpad; http://www.dato.com
THANK YOU

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KEYBOARD WITHOUT KEYBOARD

FINAL YEAR TECHINICAL SEMINAR PAPER

• Touch-typing or machine writing was invented for mechanical

• Since language and its manifestation in sentences, words,

• Probably the most hailed UI, speech recognition (SR) is

• Handwriting recognition is another interface that offers

• The “Thumbcode” method describes the

• Virtual Devices Inc. recently announced a

• The virtual keyboard technology

• The Senseboard consists of two rubber pads

• We first gave an overview of the range of input devices and

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