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Forces and Motion Study Guide

1. Speed, momentum, inertia, forces, and Newton's laws of motion are discussed. Key concepts include momentum being equal to mass times velocity, and Newton's first law stating an object at rest stays at rest unless acted on by an outside force. 2. Examples of balanced and unbalanced forces are given. In a collision, momentum is conserved according to the law of conservation of momentum. 3. Graphs show an object moving at a constant rate initially, then stopping, and finally moving backwards, illustrating changes in its motion.

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Lance Elarcosa
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158 views

Forces and Motion Study Guide

1. Speed, momentum, inertia, forces, and Newton's laws of motion are discussed. Key concepts include momentum being equal to mass times velocity, and Newton's first law stating an object at rest stays at rest unless acted on by an outside force. 2. Examples of balanced and unbalanced forces are given. In a collision, momentum is conserved according to the law of conservation of momentum. 3. Graphs show an object moving at a constant rate initially, then stopping, and finally moving backwards, illustrating changes in its motion.

Uploaded by

Lance Elarcosa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Forces and Motion Study Guide

1. Speed is the rate of change over time.


2. What is momentum? What is The Law of
Conservation of Momentum? Momentum =
mass x velocity. LOCOM = the momentum of
a system is constant if there are no outside
forces acting on the system.
3. What is inertia? Give an example. An objects
resistance to motion. A rock has more inertia
than a pebble.
4. What is a force? A push or a pull
5. What are balanced and unbalanced forces? Give an
example. Balanced forces have a net force of zero,
unbalanced do not have a zero net force when added or
subtracted. Balanced = an object at rest, Unbalanced = an
object in motion
6. When a toy truck collides with a toy car what happens to
the momentum of the car and the truck before and
after the collision? Momentum of the system stays the
same before and after the collision because of The Law of
Conservation of Momentum.
7. What type of force does Earth exert on a ball thrown into
the air? Gravitational Force *When the only force acting on
an object is gravity the object is in free fall.
8. How is velocity different than speed?  Velocity is a measure
of motion plus direction and speed is just a measure of
motion, no direction is given.
9. What is acceleration? a measure of change in
velocity
10.Describe three different ways a change in
acceleration can occur? increase acceleration,
decrease acceleration, change direction
11.What causes a leaf and an acorn to fall at different
rates? Air resistance. There is a greater amount of
air resistance acting on the leaf because the leaf has
more surface area than the acorn
12.Explain the action and reaction forces that occur as
you walk? Action Force = you push your foot down
on the Earth when you’re moving forward. Reaction
Force = the Earth pushes back up on your foot.
13.When graphing an object in motion what goes
on the horizontal axis? Vertical axis? horizontal
axis = time, vertical axis = distance, speed, or
velocity depending on what your graphing
14.What is the average speed of an object that
travels 100 meters in 5 seconds? 20 m/s
15.What is the upward force on an object falling
through the air? Air Resistance
16.What are vector arrows? What do they tell you
about objects in motion? Arrow that show
forces acting on an object in a diagram.
Strength and direction
17.Draw a sketch of a book sitting on a table. Draw vector
arrows to show forces acting on the book. Label the forces
acting on the book.

18.Whenever an object is in motion what is opposing the


motion? Friction
19.What is gravitational force? What two things affect the
strength of gravitational force between two objects? GF =
attraction between all objects, mass and distance of two
objects affect gravitational force
20.Define motion? a change in position of an object over time
21.What is static friction? Give an example. Friction that
occurs between two or more solid object that are NOT
moving relative to each other. Ex: pencil sitting on a
desk
22.What is rolling friction? Give an example. Friction that
occurs when a round surface rolls over another surface.
Ex: a ball rolling down a street or pushing a grocery
buggy.
23.What is sliding friction? Give an example. Friction
created between two objects sliding or rubbing against
each other. Ex: rubbing your hands together or a box
sliding across the floor.
24.What 3 things are needed to determine the velocity of
a moving truck? distance moved, time it took to move
given distance, and direction
25.What is the term for a rate of change in velocity?
Acceleration
26.What is the measure of inertia? mass
27. Speed measures change in what? distance over time
28.What is the amount of matter in an object called?
mass
29.What is average speed? Total distance traveled over
total time. *On a long trip you might slow down and
speed up along the way. When someone asks how
fast you drove you probably give them your average
speed.
30.What is instantaneous speed? On the long trip
instantaneous speed is the speed you were going at
one specific moment in time.
31. Suppose that Boy A exerts a force of 3000 Newtons on the
box and Boy B exerts a force of 5000 Newtons in the
opposite direction.
a. Draw arrows showing the individual and combined
forces of the box in the picture below.
b. What is the combined force (net force) on the box?
__2000 Newtons_______________
c. Are the forces balanced or unbalanced? __unbalanced,
so the box is probably moving_

3000 N 5000 N 2000 N

A B

32. Could there ever be a case when Boy A and Boy B are both
exerting a force on the box but the box doesn't move? Yes, if the
forces are equal and in opposite directions.
Speed (m/s)
20

Distance (m)
15
10
5
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Time (s)

33.Describe the object’s motion the first 4


seconds? Moving forward at a constant rate
Describe the object’s motion at 5 seconds? Not
moving
Describe the object’s motion the last 3 seconds?
Going backwards
36. Describe the object’s motion in each of the
following graphs.
Graph A Moving a constant speed, speed
stays the same.

Graph B Speed is increasing at a constant


rate.

Graph C
Speed is decreasing at a constant
rate.
37.What is Newton’s 1st Law of Motion? Give an example. An object
at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an outside force, also
known as law of inertia, deals with balanced forces. Ex: table
cloth trick
38.What is Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion? Give an example. The
acceleration of an object is dependent upon two variables - the
net force acting upon the object and the mass of the object, F=MA
Ex: Increasing the mass of a car will increase its momentum when
in motion
39.What is Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion? Give an example. For every
action there is an equal and opposite reaction, deals with action
and reaction forces. Ex: For a bird to fly upwards, it must flap it’s
wings in a downward motion (action force). The air under the bird
is compressed and pushes back up on the bird (reaction force).
40.What is Centripetal Force? Give an example. Any motion in a
curved path represents accelerated motion, and requires a force
directed toward the center of curvature of the path. Ex: Ice skater
spinning

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