Tenses: Nama: Zeina Arianti NIM: 2010007742013

TENSES
NAMA: ZEINA ARIANTI

NIM : 2010007742013
1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
Simple present tense ia a tense to state fact or activities and habit occur repeatesly.
We use present simple past tense when an action is happening right now or when it happens regularly
The simple present tense consists of two types. Namely nominal and verbal.
Contoh kalimat nominal simple present:
(+) He is very patience
(-) He is not/isn’t very patience
(?) is he patience?
Contoh kalimat verbal simple present:
(+) she goes to school

(-) she doesn’t go to school
(?) does she go to school?
Functions of simple present tenses
1. Menyatakan kegiatan sehari-hari (daily activity)
Misalnya: I go to school everyday. (Aku pergi ke sekolah setiap hari)
2. Stating common events that happens and can't be disputed
Misalnya pada kalimat:

• The sun rises from the east. Artinya: matahari terbit dari arah timur.
• The leaves are green (daun itu berwarna hijau).
3. Expressing requests or commands to the interlocutor

For example in the sentence:
Please sit down, ana!
4. Declare events that can be certain to occur or scheduled
Example:
• I’ll be visiting grandpa’s house every weekend (aku akan berkunjung ke rumah kakek setiap akhir pekan)
• My father will go home once a month (ayahku akan pulang sebulan sekali).
5. Showing one's ability, character and traits
• Ana and ani speak english fluently. (Ana dan ani berbicara bahasa inggris dengan lancar)
6. Citing news or information
Misalnya pada kalimat:
• The announcement warns us not to gather and always keep our distance. (Pengumuman itu memberikan
kita peringatan agar tidak berkumpul dan selalu menjaga jarak).
Ciri khusus simple present tense
• Tense predicate is always bare infinitiveespecially the subject consists of the third person
singular. Such as: she, he, it, cat, steven, susi. The verb will have an s/es/ies ending.
Example: jerry often plays the guitar. (Jerry often plays guitar)
• Question sentencesin an interrogative sentence, it will be formed by adding the word do/does to a
verbal sentence. As for to be (am, is, are) we use to make non-verbal sentences in front of the
subject.
• Negative sentencesas for the negative sentence, you will get the word do not or don't or does not
(doesn't) in a verbal sentence. The same goes for to be am, is, are in non-verbal sentences behind
the subject.Meanwhile, if the verbal sentence has used the word does/doesn't. We can remove the
suffix -s/es/ies from the existing verbs. You can compare the use of the words do and does
Caracteristic
1. Time signal
Keterangan waktu (adverb of time)
Every year: setiap tahun
Every month: setiap bulan
At seven: jam tujuh
Here/there: disini/disana
Every week: setiap minggu

In the morning: di pagi hari
Every day: setiap hari
Twice a day: dua kali sehari
Keterangan perulangan atau adverb of frequency
• Seldom: sering
•Always: selalu
•Sometimes: kadang-kadang
•As a rule: lazimnya
•Often: setiap
•Ever: pernah
•Nowadays: pada waktu sekarang
•Frequently: disini/disana
•One in a while: kadang-kadang
•Normally: umumnya
•Commonly: biasanya
•Generally: sering kali

2. Verb
• Aux verb ( do/does ) verbal sentence
• Main verb ( verb : verbal sentence)
( Be: is/ i am/ are) nominal sentence
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Simple past tense is a tense to express event that occurred in the past a have ended.
Caracteristic
1. Time signal yesterday : kemarin
• The day before yesterday : sehari sebelum kemarin
• last night : tadi malam
• Last week : pekan lalu
• last month : bulan lalu
• A few days ago : beberapa hari lalu
• two weeks ago : dua minggu lalu
• just now : tadi/baru saja
• In 2010 : di tahun 2010
• A long time ago : dahulu kala
2. Verb
a. reguler verbs
For regular verbs, the verb always ends with -ed, -d or -ied from the base form.
Example sentence used regular verb:
• I cooked fried rice for breakfast she borrowed my pen
• Baby cried last night
b. Irregular verbs
Are irregular verbs so that the form changes from the basic form.
Example sentence used irregular verb:
• Last month, i went to the zoo with my friends.
• you broke my heart into pieces
• She bought me a drink

Use of simple past tense
1. Describe events in the past in a definite time.
Example sentences:
• I ate oatmeal this morning
• She met her mother last night

• My brother didn't answer my call that day

2. Describes an event that happened in the past and was finished at that time.
Example sentences:
• I went to the market yesterday
• She gave me this doll 2 days ago

• I was sick yesterday
3. Describes a recurring or habitual event in the past.
Example sentences:
• I went to the beach every morning, when i was in bali. My mom visited me every year, until I graduated
• I often brought my lunch to school, when I was in junior high school
4. Describe feelings or emotions that occurred in the past.
Example sentences:
• I was happy to see my mom
• She was so sad because her kitten is gone
5. Explaining events that became a habit in the past but are no longer done. The verb used is used to.
Example sentences:
• She used to feed stray cats, but not anymore since she died
• He used to love me but not anymore
• I used to ride a bycycle to go to school, but now my father gives me a ride

SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
Future simpel tense used to show an event that has not happend or will happen in the future and ends in the future
Caracteristic
1. Time signal
• Tomorrow : besok
• Later : nanti
• Next week : minggu depan
• Next month : bulan depan
• Next year : tahun depan
• Soon : segera
• Tonight : malam ini
• By and by : sebentar lagi
• The day after tomorrow : lusa
2. Verb
Use of simple future tense
1). expressing an event that will occur in the future.
• I will take school examination next week
• Danny will be 17 years old next month
• We will arrive at soekarno-hatta international airport at 09.00 a.m.
2). To state something that has been decided to be done.

• I am going to the gym on friday
• She is going to attend the party
• They will visit their friends in solo
3). Expressing an offer/request/invitation to others.
• Will you help me to bring this bag?
• Will you come in, please!
• Will you come to my house tomorrow morning?
4). Expressing the decision to do something without a plan.
• Nanda : this letter is in french, and i don't speak a word in french.
• Lois: sure, i will translate it for you.
• Wait a minute, i will bring you a medicine
5). Expressing an emotion or feeling.
• He will be angry
• My mom will love her new car
• Ana will be sad if you say that
Difference between will, shall, and going to
a. Will/shall
Will is used for the subjects I, you, we, they, he, she, and it.
Shall is used for the subject I, we.
Expressing a wish and a disapproval (certain possibility).
State a fact or general truth.
Making a promise or offering oneself spontaneously
example of sentences:
• I will come to your birthday party tonight
b. Going to
Can be used for subjects i, you, we, they, he, she, and it.
Using to be am/is/are after the subject, for example: i am going to…, she is going to …
Expressing a desire but only as an intention
Example sentences:
• I am going to your birthday party tonight
SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Definition of present continuous tense

Present continuous tense is a form of tense that is used to express that an action is taking place for a certain
time at the present time.
Use of tense
Used to describe an ongoing situation. However, in its use there are some conditions that you need to know.
1. To indicate an action that is in progress and is happening now.
Example:
• It is raining and i am waiting for my mother to pick me up.
• I am writing this letter to express my feelings to you.
• She is dancing in the rain.
2. To talk about the actions that took place around the time of the talk.
Example:
• Arnold is taking five classes this semester.
• At this moment, my husband keeps all his money in his closet.
3. To talk about plans that are sure to happen in the near future.
Example:
• She is spending her holiday in bangkok next week.
• He is renting a whole theater for his anniversary tonight.
• My boss is promoting stacey to be the new manager next month.
Caracteristic
a. Time signal
• right now b. Verb
• At the moment Verbs that cannot be used in the present continuous tense
• today Because the verb denotes a state or situation that we do not

expect to change and does not describe an action or action.
• At present These verbs are better known as static verbs. Here are
examples of static verbs:
• this month
• Verbs that show feelings and emotions: love, prefer, hate,
• this year like, appreciate, want, dislike.
• this week • Verbs that show the use of the senses: hear, taste, smell,
• This semester see.
• Verbs that express knowledge, opinion, and belief: think,
believe, understand, know, recognize.
• Verbs that show ownership: own, have, possess, belong.
Other static verbs: seem, be, exist, need, cost.
SIMPLE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Definition of present perfect tense

Present perfect tense is a sentence pattern that is used to show events that have been completed at the present
time but are still related and are not stated in time.
Time signal: tommorow, next week, next month, act.
Use of present perfect tense
1. Stating an event that has been completed/has occurred when the sentence is spoken and the consequences of
the event/action can be felt.
Example of sentences:
• I have swept the floor > the perceived result of the action is that the floor that has been swept becomes clean
2. Expressing something that happened since a time in the past and still has something to do with the present time (when the
sentence is uttered)
Example of sentences:
• She has lived here since 1995 > she has lived here since 1995
• They have worked there for two years
Adverb of time present perfect tense

• Since : indicates when the period started.
Example: she has lived here since 1995.For : shows
• How long the period lasts.
Example: they have worked there for two years.
Example sentences of present perfect tense

• I've lost my key
• Benny has gone to hong kong
• Intan has finished her task
SIMPLE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
Definition of past continuous tense
Past continuous tense is a tense that describes an event that 2. An event that was taking place in the past, and is still
was happening in the past or an event that happened in the happening today when the second event occurred.
past and is still going on until the second event occurs. • I was eating when he called me
For example: I was eating when you called me • They were studying when i came
Use of past continuous tense 3. Shows two events that happened simultaneously in the
1. An event that started, is ongoing, and finished in the past. past.
• She was watching tv at 14.00 • I was eating while my brother was studying
• They were playing football after school • Diane was watching tv while andy was sleeping
Description of past continuous tense
• While
Adverbs of time are used to show activities that are carried out simultaneously at one time.
Example: I was eating while my brother was studying
• When
Adverbs of time used to show activities with a specific time. Example: they were studying when i
came.
THANK YOU!!!

Tenses: Nama: Zeina Arianti NIM: 2010007742013

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TENSES

NAMA: ZEINA ARIANTI

(+) she goes to school

Misalnya pada kalimat:

3. Expressing requests or commands to the interlocutor

Every week: setiap minggu

•As a rule: lazimnya

•Nowadays: pada waktu sekarang

•One in a while: kadang-kadang

•Generally: sering kali

Example sentence used regular verb:

• I cooked fried rice for breakfast she borrowed my pen

• Baby cried last night

• Last month, i went to the zoo with my friends.

• you broke my heart into pieces

• She bought me a drink

• She met her mother last night

• She gave me this doll 2 days ago

• I often brought my lunch to school, when I was in junior high school

4. Describe feelings or emotions that occurred in the past.

• I was happy to see my mom

• She was so sad because her kitten is gone

• He used to love me but not anymore

• I used to ride a bycycle to go to school, but now my father gives me a ride

2). To state something that has been decided to be done.

Definition of present continuous tense

• today Because the verb denotes a state or situation that we do not

Definition of present perfect tense

Adverb of time present perfect tense

Example sentences of present perfect tense

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