Lesson 1

Set Notation
Sets and elements

Let M be the set: {Valentina, Giulia, Alex, Beatriz, Allan, Leonardo}.

The elements of this set are Valentina, Giulia, Alex, Beatriz, Allan and Leonardo.
For example, Beatriz ∈ M, Adela ∉ M.

n(M) = 6, because M has 6 elements.

Subsets, proper subsets and equal sets

Let M be the set: {Valentina, Giulia, Alex, Beatriz, Allan, Leonardo}.

Let P be the set: {Giulia, Allan}. Let Q be the set {Allan, Giulia}

Note that P = Q. They are the same set and have the same elements. The following are all true:

P⊂M Q⊂M P⊆M Q⊆M P⊆Q Q⊆P

Universal set, empty set and complement of a set

Let U be the set of all students in class 7 at TBS Urca. N is the set of students in our Maths class.

N’ represents the (unlucky) students at TBS Urca in class7 who are not in our Maths class.

In this context, Ø (the empty set) could represent, for example, the students who are in both our
Maths class and Mr Cassidy’s Maths class.
Lesson 2

Special Numbers Sets

Starter
Listed below we have the name of some special
numbers set.
Which numbers do you think each of them have?

● Natural Set
● Integers Set
● Rational Set ● How do you think these sets
● Irrational Set are related to each other?

● Real Set ● Are there any subsets or

intersections between them?
Special Number Sets
Natural Numbers (N), (Also known as the counting numbers); They are the
numbers {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …}
Integers (Z). This is the set of all counting numbers plus all the negatives (or
opposites) of the natural numbers, i.e., {… , -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, …}
Rational numbers (Q). This is all the fractions where the numerator and the
denominator are integers; e.g., 1/2, 3/4, 7/2, -4/3, -4/1 [Note: The denominator
cannot be 0, but the numerator can be].
Irrational numbers (I). All numbers that cannot be expressed as a fraction. e.g., π,
√2, -√5, 12.3425557….
Real numbers (R), (also called measuring numbers or measurement numbers).
This includes all rational and irrational numbers. Every real number corresponds to
a point on the number line.
Notation of the Sets
Special Number Sets
Real Numbers

Rational
Irrational
Special Number Sets
Rational Numbers

Integers Natural
TRUE OR FALSE?
 ZOOM DIAGNOSTIC QUESTIONS
Which of the following sets does the following number belong to:

A Real numbers only

B Real numbers and Rational numbers

C Real numbers, rational numbers and integers

D Real numbers, rational numbers, integers and natural numbers.

 ZOOM DIAGNOSTIC QUESTIONS
Which of the following sets does the following number belong to:

A Real numbers only

B Real numbers and Rational numbers

C Real numbers, rational numbers and integers

D Real numbers, rational numbers, integers and natural numbers.

 ZOOM DIAGNOSTIC QUESTIONS
Which of the following sets does the following number belong to:

A Real numbers only

B Real numbers and Rational numbers

C Real numbers, rational numbers and integers

D Real numbers, rational numbers, integers and natural numbers.

Lesson 3

Intervals and Set builder

notation
Starter 1
Which of the following sets does the following number belong to:

A Real numbers only

B Real numbers and Rational numbers

C Real numbers, rational numbers and integers

D Real numbers, rational numbers, integers and natural numbers.

Starter 2
Which of the following sets does the following number belong to:

A Real numbers only

B Real numbers and Rational numbers

C Real numbers, rational numbers and integers

D Real numbers, rational numbers, integers and natural numbers.

Starter 3
Which of the following sets does the following number belong to:

A Real numbers only

B Real numbers and Rational numbers

C Real numbers, rational numbers and integers

D Real numbers, rational numbers, integers and natural numbers.

Starter 4
Which of the following sets does the following number belong to:

A Real numbers only

B Real numbers and Rational numbers

C Real numbers, rational numbers and integers

D Real numbers, rational numbers, integers and natural numbers.

Starter 5
Which of the following sets does the following number belong to:

A Real numbers only

B Real numbers and Rational numbers

C Real numbers, rational numbers and integers

D Real numbers, rational numbers, integers and natural numbers.

Starter - Answers

1 - slide 16 - C
2 - slide 17 - B
3 - slide 18 - D
4 - slide 19 - A
5 - slide 20 - B
Example 1

How would you represent the set of all real numbers between -1 and 4?
Example 2

How would you represent the set of all integers between -1 and 4?
Set builder Notation
If the last part
is not included,
you should
assume the set
The set of numbers, x, such that has values of x
x is greater than -3 and less than or equal to 2, in the real
numbers.
x is a real number

This can be represented on a

number line:
Set builder Notation

The set of numbers, x, such that This could also be written as a list of
elements:
x is between -5 and 5, {-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4}
x is an integer.

This can be represented on a

number line:
Example 3

Based on the diagram below, write in set builder notation.

Example 4
Based on the diagram below, write in set builder notation.
Example 5

List all the numbers in the set

Example 6

List all the numbers in the set

Example 7

Write in set builder notation: {-3, -2, -1,0,1, 2, 3, 4, … }

 HOMEWORK
Due Next Tuesday the 10th of August

Complete the practice questions from slide 32 and 35

Practise Questions - A
ANSWERS
ANSWERS
Practice questions

Unless you feel the need

the practice, just do the
following questions:

1 a, d, f
2 a, d, f
3 a, c, d
4 a, b, c, d
5 a, c, e
ANSWERS
ANSWERS
Lesson 4

Venn Diagram
Starter 1
Write the following set of numbers using the set builder notation:

{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

D All of the above

Starter 2
Write the following set of numbers using the set builder notation:

{-2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3}

C Both A and B

D Neither A nor B
Starter 3
What set is represented on the number line below:

D None of the above

Starter Answers

Slide 39 - Answer C
Slide 40 - Answer C
Slide 41 - Answer A
Example 8

Represent the following two sets using Venn diagrams.

A = {-3, -1, 1, 3, 6}
B = {1, 3, 5, 7}
Venn Diagrams

Here, we are building on the work from all three previous lessons on sets: what the
universal set means, interval notation, and the fact that positive integers are 1, 2, 3, ...
Subsets and overlapping sets in Venn Diagrams

If we have two different sets, which share

some common elements, we draw a circle for
each set, so they overlap. In the part of
overlap, we write the elements which are in
both sets:
Example 9
Practice questions
Practice questions
ANSWERS
ANSWERS
EXTENSION
ANSWERS
Lesson 5

Union and Intersection

Starter
Which of the following statements are true, based on this venn diagram:

A 10 ∈ A

B 2∈A

C 2∈B

D All of the above

Starter
Which of the following statements are true, based on this venn diagram:

A 8∈U

B 3∈B

C Both A and B

D Neither A nor B
Starter
Which of the following statements are true,
based on this venn diagram:

A Molly does Biology,

Calculus and Spanish

B Mark does Calculus

C Bob does two of the three

subjects

D None of the above

Starter
Which of the following statements are true,
based on this venn diagram:

A Patrick only does one

subject

B Matt does two subjects

C Alex studies spanish

D All of the above

Starter
Which of the following statements are true,
based on this venn diagram:

A Steph studies Calculus and

Spanish

B Andy studies Spanish only

C Both A and B

D Neither A nor B
Starter Answers
Union

One set or the other

set or both. So you
shade all of both
circles.
Intersection

Both sets. So
you have to
shade the area in
both sets - in
other words, you
shade the
overlap.
Write down the elements of A⋂B and A∪B. Draw the Venn
Diagram.
Write down the elements of A⋂B and A∪B. Draw the Venn
Diagram.
Disjoint Sets

What would two disjoint sets, A and B, look like on a Venn diagram?

A B
TASK
ANSWERS
ANSWERS
EXTENSION TASK
ANSWERS
 ZOOM DIAGNOSTIC QUESTIONS
How many of the
following sets does
the number 3 belong
to:

1. A∪B
2. A⋂B
3. A∪B’
A. 1 B. 2
4. (A⋂B)’
C. 3 D. 4
 ZOOM DIAGNOSTIC QUESTIONS
How many of the
following sets does
the number 2 belong
to:

1. A∪B
2. A⋂B
3. A∪B’
A. 1 B. 2
4. (A⋂B)’
C. 3 D. 4
 ZOOM DIAGNOSTIC QUESTIONS
How many of the
following sets does
the number 6 belong
to:

1. A∪B
2. A⋂B
3. A∪B’
A. 0 B. 1
4. (A⋂B)’
C. 2 D. 3
ZOOM DIAGNOSTIC QUESTIONS
Shading Regions on Venn
Diagrams
Shading Venn Diagrams
Answer
TASK
ANSWERS
EXTENSION TASK
EXTENSION TASK
ANSWERS
ANSWERS
 ZOOM DIAGNOSTIC QUESTIONS
What Set describes the region that is shaded in pink on the Venn
diagram?

A. X B. X’

C. X ⋂ Y’ D. Y ⋂ X’
 ZOOM DIAGNOSTIC QUESTIONS
What Set describes the region that is shaded in pink on the Venn
diagram?

A. X ⋂ Y B. X ∪ Y

C. (X ⋂ Y’) ∪ (Y ⋂ X’) D. None of the above

 ZOOM DIAGNOSTIC QUESTIONS
What Set describes the region that is shaded in pink on the Venn
diagram?

A. X ∪ Y’ B. (Y ⋂ X’)’

C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B

ZOOM DIAGNOSTIC QUESTIONS
ZOOM DIAGNOSTIC QUESTIONS
Set Identities
Set identities

(A∪B)’ A’⋂B’
EXTENSION TASK
ANSWERS - a)
ANSWERS - b)
ANSWERS - c)
Problem solving with Sets
a) 15 + 27 + 26 + 7 = 75
b) 26 + 27 = 53
c) 27
d) 7
e) 15 + 27 + 26 = 68
ANSWERS
 24 - 2 = 22
F B 22 in the circles
16 + 11 = 27
11 5 6 27 - 22 = 5
5 boys were counted
twice.
2 That is because they were
counted as part of
baseball and football, so
Answer = 5 they must do both.
But once the Venn Diagram is filled That tells us 5 must go in
in, we can solve a range of problems. the middle.
ANSWERS
 Biology only
B C 15 - (10 - x + 7 - x + x)
10-x 15 - (17 - x)
x-2 x -2 + x
x x-2
7-x 5-x Chemistry only
15 - (10 - x + 5 - x + x)
6+x 15 - (15 - x)
x
Physics only
P 18 - (7 - x + 5 - x + x)
18 - (12 - x)
6+x
 We know from the question that there are 29
students, and that all of them do at least one
science subject.

Therefore we can form an equation:

(x-2) + (7-x) + (10-x) + x + (5-x) + x + (6+x) = 29

Collecting like terms:

x + 26 = 29

x=3

How could you check that x = 3 is the correct answer?

ANSWERS
Exit Card Comments
 Zoom Diagnostic Questions

A. Not possible
B. 107%
C. 7% Unsure?
Write E.
D. 72%
 Zoom Diagnostic Questions

A. 24
B. 27
C. 39 Unsure?
Write E.
D. 42

Advice: Draw a Venn Diagram first...

 Zoom Diagnostic Questions

A. 1
B. 8
C. 12 Unsure?
Write E.
D. 13

Advice: Draw a Venn Diagram first...

 Zoom Worked Example

S M What goes in space P?

P A. 76 - x
x B. 12 - x
C. 12
D. None of the above
D
 Zoom Worked Example

S M What goes in space P?

12-x A. x - 7
x B. 7 - x
P C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B
D
 Zoom Worked Example

S M What goes in space P? Type your

12-x answer into chat, but only click
x enter after 30 seconds.
P
7-x

D
 Zoom Worked Example

S M What goes in space P?

P 12-x A. 76
x B. 76 - (12-x+x+7-x)
7-x 21-x C. 12-x+x+7-x
D. None of the above
D
 Zoom Worked Example

S M What goes in space P?

57+x
12-x P A. 64 - (12-x+x+21-x)
x B. 31 + x
7-x 21-x C. Either of A or B
D. Neither A nor B
D
 Zoom Worked Example

S M What goes in space P? Type your

57+x
12-x 31+x answer in chat but only press enter
x after 45 seconds.
7-x 21-x EXTENSION: Give your answer in
simplest form.
P
D
 Zoom Worked Example

S M At which stage of the following is

57+x
12-x 31+x there a mistake?
A. 57+x+31+x+12+x = 145
x B. 100 + 3x = 145
7-x 21-x C. X = 15
D. There is no mistake
12+x
D
 Zoom Worked Example

S M At which stage of the following is

57+x
12-x 31+x there a mistake?
A. 57+x+12-x+x+7-x+31+x+21-x+12+x = 145
x B. 140 + x = 145
7-x 21-x C. X=5
D. There is no mistake
12+x
D
Zoom Breakout Rooms Question
Zoom Breakout Rooms Question
Practise questions: Draw the Venn diagram neatly in your book.
Practise questions: Answer:
Practise questions: Draw the Venn diagram neatly in your book.
Practise questions: Answer:
Practise questions: Draw the Venn diagram neatly in your book.
Practise questions: Answer:
Practise questions: Draw the Venn diagram neatly in your book.
Practise questions: Answer:
Practise questions: Draw the Venn diagram neatly in your book.
Practise questions: Answer: