REVIEW: CELL

STRUCTURES AND
FUNCTIONS

STEM 12 GENERAL BIOLOGY 1

 Outline
01 02
REVIEW Performance task
Form of Assessment Details

03 04
Discussion of Groupings
Lesson 2 For reporting
 BIG IDEA

Discovery of the
cell
Plant Cell Cell Theory

Animal Cell Cell Structure

and Functions
 Directions
The following question are either TRUE or
FALSE.

TRUE
FALSE
OR
TRUE-OR-FALSE
 Robert Brown introduced the
1 term “cell” in the mid 1600s.
 Matthias Jakob Schleiden is a
botanist and stated that the
2 different parts of the plant
organism are composed of cells or
derivatives of cells
 The cytoplasm is a cell
3 organelle.
*cytosol
*protoplasm
4 Cells came from pre-existing cells.
 Cells are the basic unit of structure
5 and function in all living
organisms.
6 All living organisms are composed
of many cells.
7 The nucleus is the
‘powerhouse of the cell”
8 The lysosome is the ”digestive
system” of the cell

• Ribosomes
• Peroxisomes
• centrosome
 the “-somes”

ribosome peroxisomes centrosomes

For protein contains the Microtubule
synthesis reducing enzyme organizing center
catalase and
usually some
oxidases.
9 Plant cells has no “cell membrane”

*plasma membrane
*cell wall
*nuclear membrane
*nuclear envelope
10 Animal cells has vacuoles.
11 Mitochondria, plastids and ribosomes are
both present in plant and animal cell.
12 All plants cell have flagella.
ulcer-causing Helicobacter pylori,
13 Rough ER have ribosomes.
14 The ribosomes are manufactured in the
nucleolus.
15 Animal cells has central vacuoles that
maintain the integrity of the cell.
Venn Diagram
● Make a diagram that compares and
contrast plant cell from animal cell.

10 minutes Act.
Performance Task:
Individual Task
TWO OUTPUTS: THE MODEL & VIDEO
PRESENTATION
Suggestions: You can present your works through  

green screen presentation

Live recording

Split screen presentation

Photo-video series
 CELL TYPES
AND CELL
MODIFICATION

STEM 12 GENERAL BIOLOGY 1

Main Ideas

● cell structures follow

the rule of “form fits
functions”
● There are two major
type of cell
PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC

● How will you compare the nucleoid of both cells?

● Based on the illustration, which type do you think is more complex?

Why?
How to be a “cell”?
Plasma Membrane - outer covering of the cell

Cytoplasm - region outside the nucleus but inside the plasma

membrane.

DNA- is the genetic material of the cell

Ribosome - molecular machines that synthesize proteins.

 The Prokaryotes

Single-cell
simple, organism that
lacks “true”
single open
nucleus and space.
membrane-bound Central
organelles not divided up on the
inside by nucleoid
membrane walls
consists of a single
large loop called a
circular
chromosome
● Most prokaryotes have a
peptidoglycan cell wall

● Some have flagella

 Streptococcus bacterium.

Escherichia coli bacterium.

● lactobacillus acidophilus.
 The Eukaryotes
several, rod-shaped
Can be chromosomes
multicellular
membrane-bound
Can be be one-celled
also
nucleus numerous
With membranes and
membrane-
compartments bound organelles
consists of a single
large loop called a
circular
chromosome
 examples

Protists Fungi
amoebas, parameciums and
kelp
include yeasts, Plants and
organisms that
cause athlete's foot Animals
and ringworm.
As in trees and as in
humans
cell specialization/
differentiation
 Main idea

• A process by which cells become specialize

for their role

• differentiation alters the size of the cell,

form and structure, physiological response,
and even metabolic activities.
The lack of nucleus in the red blood cells is an adaptation to accommodate
more hemoglobin, thus resulting to more transported oxygen.
Learning video
 watch out for the ff. terms
● highly specialized

● Stem cells

● undifferentiated
“Some inspiring biology quotation”

—Someone famous
 Other Related
Disorders and Diseases
SINGLE–GENE
DISORDERS
- caused by DNA changes in one particular gene
 single gene disorders

• dominant, recessive and
X-linked.
 Huntington’s Disease (HD )

Because of the uncontrolled movements, a

person with HD may lose a lot of weight
without intending to, and may have trouble
walking, balancing, and etc
 Cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive)

• an inherited disorder that

causes severe damage to the
lungs, digestive system and
other organs in the body
 Tay-Sachs Disease (TSD)

•  recessive
• neurodegenerative
disorder in which deficiency of
an enzyme (hexosaminidase A)
results in excessive
accumulation of certain fats
(lipids) known as gangliosides
in the brain and nerve cells
 Sickle-cell anemia

• recessive
•  in which red blood cells are not shaped as they
should be
• inherited red blood cell disorder in which there
aren't enough healthy red blood cells to carry
oxygen throughout your body
 hemophilia
• X-linked related disorder
• Recessive
• More common in males
• an inherited bleeding disorder in
which the blood does not clot
properly
• lead to spontaneous bleeding as
well as bleeding following injuries or
surgery
CHROMOSOMAL
DISORDER
presence of an extra or missing whole or partial chromosome
 Trisomy 21

people with this condition have

three copies of the number 21
chromosome—one of the smallest
of the human autosomes
Kennedy Garcia Madeline Stuart
 Klinefelter’s Syndrome

 affects mostly males having two

X chromosomes and one Y
chromosome
 Turner Syndrome
• a female has one functioning X
chromosome instead of two; by a
partially or completely missing sex
chromosome

• Girls with the disorder do not develop

secondary sexual characteristics
MITOCHONDRIAL
DISORDERS
diseases transmitted from the mitochondria of the mother to
the offspring
 Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy

- it causes you to lose your eyesight, starting with painless blurriness. Your central vision,
which you need to drive, read and recognize faces, will be affected first
 Assignment
02 You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
 Assignment
Which eukaryotic kingdom is made of both unicellular and
multicellular organisms?

A Animalia

B Bacteria

C Plantae

D Protista
What are lipids?

Do you know what helps you make your point And also:
clear?
● They help you check what is done and
● Lists like this one what needs to be done
● They’re simple ● You´ll never forget to buy milk!
● You can organize your ideas clearly And the most important thing: the audience
They look great with good alignment won’t miss the point of your presentation
Lab: identifying nutrients
Match the food with the correct nutrients.
Carbohydrates Oils
Proteins Potatoes
Fats Meat and fish
Vitamins Vegetables and fruits
Eggs
Legumes
Cereals
 Problem vs solution

Problem Solution
Mercury is the closest planet to the Venus has a beautiful and cute
Sun and the smallest one in the name and is the second planet
Solar System—it’s only a bit from the Sun. It’s hot and has a
larger than the Moon poisonous atmosphere
Carbohydrates
● Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings. It's composed mostly of hydrogen and helium. It was
named after the Roman god of wealth and agriculture

● Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun. It's also the fourth-largest object by diameter in the
Solar System

● Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only one that harbors life in the Solar System. This
is where we all live on

● Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place. It's full of iron oxide dust, which gives the planet
its reddish cast
 A little exercise
Drag and drop each level of organization in multicellular organisms and put them in order

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5

Tissue Cell Organism Organ System

Did you know this?
In the human body there are 10 times more bacteria than cells, they fulfill very
important functions

Approximately 8% of DNA is derived from viruses that at some point entered the
body of our ancestors

Despite knowing about 10,000 species, it is estimated that this is less than 1% of the
species that inhabit the Earth
Feature of the
03
topic
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
 Characteristics of life
1 Growth and development It’s the closest planet to the Sun

2 Energy metabolism Venus is the second planet from the Sun

3 Homeostasis Mars is actually a very cold place

4 Adaptation Jupiter is the biggest planet of them all

5 Response to stimuli It’s composed of hydrogen and helium

6 Organization It’s the farthest planet from the Sun

7 Reproduction Pluto is now considered a dwarf planet

 Data

90% 42% 64%

It’s the closest planet to the Venus is the second planet It’s the farthest planet from
Sun from the Sun the Sun
 Type of organisms
Organisms

Unicellular Multicellular
organisms organisms

Amoeba Bacteria Paramoecium Plants Animals

Awesome words
 3/4
body bacteria live in our intestines

500
species have been found in oral flora

1M
of germs hide in a bath sponge
Map
Neptune
It’s the farthest planet from
the Sun

Mars
Despite being red, Mars is
a cold place

Saturn
Saturn is a gas giant and
has rings
 About
04
the topic
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
 Elements of living organisms

Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen

It’s the closest planet to the Venus is the second planet Mars is actually a very cold
Sun from the Sun place

Oxygen Phosphorus Sulfur

Jupiter is the biggest planet It’s composed of hydrogen It’s the farthest planet from
of them all and helium the Sun
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100,000,000
is the number of bacteria that we eliminate through
the feces each day
 Definition of concepts
Organism Nutrient
It’s the closest planet to the Sun Venus has a beautiful name and
and the smallest in the Solar is the second planet from the Sun
System

Protein Bacteria
Despite being red, Mars is Jupiter was named after the
actually a cold place. It’s full of Roman god of the skies and
iron oxide dust lightning
 This is a graph
Venus
Venus is the second planet
from the Sun

Jupiter
Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new
one here. For more info, click here
What are catalysts?

Do you know what helps you make your point

clear?

● Lists like this one:

● They’re simple
● You can organize your ideas clearly
They look great with good alignment
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THOUSAND WORDS
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