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    Anemometer: An Anemometer Is A Device For Measuring The Force or Speed of The Wind. "Anemos"

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    Lorenz Banada
    An anemometer is a device used to measure wind speed or wind force. There are several types of anemometers including cup, hot wire, windmill, ultrasonic, pitot tube, and laser Doppler anemometers. The document provides details on the working principles, advantages, and disadvantages of each type. It also gives a brief history of anemometer development from early mechanical designs in the 1400s to modern digital anemometers.

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    Anemometer: An Anemometer Is A Device For Measuring The Force or Speed of The Wind. "Anemos"

    Uploaded by

    Lorenz Banada
    7 views21 pages
    An anemometer is a device used to measure wind speed or wind force. There are several types of anemometers including cup, hot wire, windmill, ultrasonic, pitot tube, and laser Doppler anemometers. The document provides details on the working principles, advantages, and disadvantages of each type. It also gives a brief history of anemometer development from early mechanical designs in the 1400s to modern digital anemometers.

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    An anemometer is a device used to measure wind speed or wind force. There are several types of anemometers including cup, hot wire, windmill, ultrasonic, pitot tube, and laser Doppler anemometers. The document provides details on the working principles, advantages, and disadvantages of each type. It also gives a brief history of anemometer development from early mechanical designs in the 1400s to modern digital anemometers.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    7 views21 pages

    Anemometer: An Anemometer Is A Device For Measuring The Force or Speed of The Wind. "Anemos"

    Uploaded by

    Lorenz Banada
    An anemometer is a device used to measure wind speed or wind force. There are several types of anemometers including cup, hot wire, windmill, ultrasonic, pitot tube, and laser Doppler anemometers. The document provides details on the working principles, advantages, and disadvantages of each type. It also gives a brief history of anemometer development from early mechanical designs in the 1400s to modern digital anemometers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    ANEMOMETER

    AN ANEMOMETER IS A DEVICE FOR MEASURING


    THE FORCE OR SPEED OF THE WIND.
    “ANEMOS”
    DIFFERENT TYPES OF
    ANEMOMETERS
    CUP (ROTATIONAL ANEMOMETER)

    • The cups are placed onto a vertical


    axis, and when the wind presses
    against them, this causes the cups to
    rotate around. The faster the cups
    rotate, the faster the wind speed. Cup
    anemometers usually have digital
    readouts.
    Advantages
    • Low price
    • Flexible design
    • Simple installation

    Disadvantages
    • Without provisions for heating, they don’t work well in snow or freezing rain
    • Its starting velocity is often pretty high
    HOT WIRE

    • It uses an extremely thin wire, which is electrically


    heated up to a temperature which is higher than
    the ambient. The wire then loses temperature and
    gets cooled as the air flows past it.
    • Then the current required to maintain the
    preferred temperature is measured. Finally, the
    velocity of the wind is then determined by the loss
    of heat.
    Advantages
    • Lasts longer than other anemometers
    • Hot wire anemometers consist low starting threshold
    • Provides error-free reading

    Disadvantages
    • Ineffective in areas where the temperature fluctuates quickly
    • It can get damaged by the dirt
    WINDMILL

    • The windmill anemometer measures both wind speed


    and direction. The anemometer has a propeller located
    at the front of the device and a large tail section. As the
    wind blows, it presses against the propeller, making it
    spin. The rotational speed of the propeller indicates how
    fast the wind is moving at any time.
    Advantages
    • Capable of handling high wind speeds
    • Lasts longer
    • Made for the heavy-duty purpose

    Disadvantages
    • You will need to point the unit towards the direction of the wind to get accurate readings
    • The rotating parts of the unit may deteriorate over time
    • If the vanes of your anemometer are small, then it can sometimes cause high starting speed.
    ULTRASONIC

    • Ultrasonic anemometers send sonic pulses across a


    path to a sensor on the opposite side. As the wind
    moves more quickly, the pulses are disrupted. A
    measurement of this disruption provides accurate
    wind data. An ultrasonic anemometer has no
    moving parts and can detect even small changes in
    the wind.
    Advantages
    • Not affected by icing
    • Weather resistant and suitable for extreme weathers

    Disadvantages
    • Very expensive
    • Birds may sit on the probes resulting in false wind gusts.
    PITOT TUBE
    • The pitot tube anemometers use a unique process for
    measuring the wind velocity.
    • First, it measures the pressure of the wind. Thenit converts
    the pressure of the wind into the velocity of the wind.
    • The anemometer comes with two different types of tubes:
    • static tube; and
    • pitot tube.
    • The incoming air pressure will be measured by the pitot tube,
    whereas the static tube is responsible for measuring the static
    pressure in the flow of the wind.
    • Afterward, the wind velocity will be determined from these
    values by using the Bernoulli’s equation.
    Advantages
    • Suitable for high wind speeds
    • Provides a quick response
    • As it includes no rotating parts, it doesn't deteriorate easily

    Disadvantages
    • Ill-suited for low wind velocity areas
    • Inappropriate for fluctuating wind speeds
    LASER DOPPLER

    • Laser Doppler anemometers utilize the


    Doppler effect to determine the flow of
    air. Commonly used for high-tech
    applications such as in jet engines, the
    laser Doppler can measure even the
    slightest changes in airflow. This type of
    anemometer is also used in river
    hydrology.
    DRAWING OF A LASER ANEMOMETER. THE LASER IS EMITTED (1) THROUGH THE FRONT LENS (6) OF THE
    ANEMOMETER AND IS BACKSCATTERED OFF THE AIR MOLECULES (7). THE BACKSCATTERED RADIATION (DOTS) RE-
    ENTER THE DEVICE AND ARE REFLECTED AND DIRECTED INTO A DETECTOR (12).
    HISTORY OF
    ANEMOMETER
    LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI - 1450
    Mechanical
    Anemometer
    He invented a mechanical
    anemometer by placing a disc
    perpendicular to the wind
    direction. The angle of
    inclination of the disc would
    indicate the wind velocity.
    ROBERT HOOKE - 1664 CHRISTIAN WOLFF - 1708

    Similar device and is sometimes, German philosopher Christian


    incorrectly credited with having Wolff, or Wolfius, also reinvented
    invented an anemometer. the mechanical anemometer that
    could measure the force of wind.
    Dr. John Thomas Romney Robinson - 1846

    HEMISPHERICAL CUP ANEMOMETER

    A FAIRLY SIMPLE DESIGN THAT


    PROVIDES A FAIRLY ACCURATE READING,
    IT CONSISTS OF A VERTICAL ROTATING
    SPINDLE WITH FOUR ARMS AT THE END.
    FOUR HEMISPHERICAL CUPS ARE
    ATTACHED TO THE ENDS OF EACH
    HORIZONTAL ARM. WHEN THE WIND
    BLOWS, THE CUPS ROTATE AND
    SUBSEQUENTLY THE SPINDLE ALSO
    ROTATES. THE ROTATIONS OF THE
    SPINDLE GIVE US THE WIND SPEED.
    M.J. BREVOORT AND U.T. JOYNER - 1935

    • In 1935, researchers M. J. Brevoort and U. T.


    Joyner of the U.S. were able to further
    improve the existing three cup wind
    anemometer design by reducing the error
    percentage.
    DEREK WESTON - 1991 DR. ANDREAS PFLITSCH -
    1994.

    Sonic anemometer 
    In 1991, an anemometer that could measure wind It determined wind velocity
    velocity was invented by Australian inventor Derek by measuring the decrease
    Weston. Until then, a cup anemometer was unable or increase in sound waves
    to determine the direction of wind. traveling between two
    transducers.
    DIGITAL ANEMOMETER'S WORKING
    PRINCIPLE
    Digital Anemometer
    • Spinning cups turn a paddle wheel
    inside a metal canister under a
    digital anemometer. Each time the
    paddle wheel rotates, it breaks a
    light beam and generates a pulse
    of current. An electronic circuit
    times the pulses and uses them to
    calculate the wind speed.

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