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Communication For Academ Ic Purposes

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Communication for Academ

ic Purposes
CHAPTER 8
UNDERSTANDING THE MEANING OF ACADEMIC
WRITING
“Academic writing is any writing done to fulfill
a requirement of a college or university..., which
[may] also [be] used for publications that are rea
d by teacher and researchers or presented at conf
erences," such as essays, book reports, abstracts,
translations, research and term papers, academic
journals, theses, and dissertations ("Writing for E
ducation," 2018).
UNDERSTANDING THE MEANING OF ACAD
EMIC WRITING

Academic writing is any formal written work produced in a


n academic setting by students, professors, and researchers in ev
ery discipline to convey ideas, make arguments, and engage in s
cholarly conversations; Its most common forms are literary anal
yses, research papers, and theses and dissertations (Valdes, 201
8).

3
KNOWING HOW ACADEMIC WRITING IS DONE

Although the academic output varies from discipline to discipline, the same
process of writing is followed for all degree programs. Here are the guidelines
that need to be considered (Bullock & Weinberg, 2000).

1) Choose a Topic
Look for any topic that interests you.
The topic should be appropriate to the kind of text assigned an
d to the specified, required time of completion.
2) Consider the Rhetorical Eleme
nts
Purpose for Writing
Expected Audience
Stance
Genre
Medium
Design
3) Generate Ideas and Text
Aim to find the best information from credible sources.

4) Organize your Ideas


• The organization needed depends on the rhetorical
elements, like purpose, audience, stance and tone,
genre, and medium.
5) Write Out a Draft
Consider your genre, medium, and design when deciding on
register and style of writing.

6) Revise, Edit, and Proofread


• Pay special attention to correctness of language.
7) Evaluate your Work
How well did you convey the information? Is it complete e
nough for your audience's needs?
What strategies did you rely on, and how did they help you
achieve your purpose?
How well did you organize your ideas?
THE STRUCTURE OF ACADEMIC TEXT
1) Aim
This is the general purpose of the text, and it appears after
the introduction.
2) Research Question
• The questions, which are placed after the aim limit or
specify the aim.
3) Introduction
Explain the importance of the aim.
Mention that there is something about it that is not yet kno
wn.
Specify the benefit/s that can be gained from the knowled
ge to be discovered.
4) Methods and Material
s
Mention what procedure you followed to achieve your aim
and answer your research question.
Your reader should understand how you got the results and
be able to duplicate your research.
5) Results
Present the results objectively without interpreting them.
Sequence the result by following the particular order of th
e research questions as they were given.
Use properly labeled or captioned tables.
6) Discussions
This is where you interpret your results.
Usual outline for discussions:
a) First paragraph: repeat the aim and give the importance of th
e study to the field
b) The rest of the discussion analyzes and interprets the results.
6) Discussions
• Guide questions:
a) What do your results mean?
b) How do they relate to previous research? (Their
similarities and differences)
c) How may your method have affected your results?
7) Conclusion
Make the general statement about the aim and the result.

8) Reference
Indicate all cited sources of data.
• Use " American Psycological Association" (APA) style
of documentation.
Key Features of Academic Text

1. Literacy Narrative
Well told story
Vivid detail
Clear significance
Key Features of Academic Text

2. Article / Book Review


Summary of text
Attention to context
Clear interpretation
Support for your conclusions
Key Features of Academic Text

3. Research Report
A tightly focused topic
Well-researched information
Various writing strategies
Clear definitions
Appropriate design
Key Features of Academic Text

4. Position Paper
Clear arguable position
• Appeals to readers
Background information
Good reasons • Trustworthy tone
Convincing evidence • Consideration of any other position
Key Features of Academic Text

5. Abstract
Such as informative
Descriptive
Critical abstracts
Summary of basic information
Objective description
Brevity
Key Features of Academic Text

6. Evaluation
Conclude description of the subject
Clearly defined criteria
Knowledgeable discussion
Balanced and fair assessment
Well supported reasons
Key Features of Academic Text

7. Laboratory report
An explicit title
Abstract
Purpose
Methods
Result and discussion references appendices
Appropriate format
Thank you for learnin
g!

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