Oriental World Religions: Presenters

Oriental Presenters:
•Allan Jay Evangelista (Hinduism)
World •John Trajano (Buddhism)

•Allen So
Religions
Overview of World Religions
Does God
exists?
Atheism Theism
Naturalism Fundamentalism Monotheism Polytheism
Christianity
Hinduism
Muslim
Taoism
Judaism
Oriental Religions
• Hinduism
• Buddhism
• Taoism
Hinduism
Hinduism
• Hinduism is a collection of religious beliefs that developed over a long
period of time.
• Hindus believe that ‘religions helps free your soul from sadness,
disappointments, mistakes of everyday life’
Quick Facts
• Hinduism is the world’s oldest religion
• Hinduism is the third largest (1.4 billion
followers or 15-16% of world
population)
• Most followers are located in India
• Hinduism has no founder
• Hinduism is polytheistic religion
Basis of Hinduism
• Vedas (to know) and Upanishads (– are collection of writings that
describe the fundamental central teachings of Hinduism
• Reincarnation
• Karma
• Nirvana
Reincarnation
Moksha
Reborn (highest
into a level of
new rebirth)
Death of
a person entity
Example of Reincarnation to Moksha
Ant Human Being
Lion Monkey Moksha

Do you believe in reincarnation?
Karma (law of cause and effect)
Reincarnated
Good Deeds Good things into a Higher
Form
Reincarnated
Bad Deeds Bad things into a Lower
Form
Do you believe in Karma?
Four Goals of Life in Hinduism
Dharma
• Good, virtuous, moral person
Artha
• Money and prosperity
Kama
• Happiness, pleasure, emotional fulfillment
Moksha
• Freedom from ignorance, spirituality, self-knowledge
Big 3 Hindu gods
Brahma Vishnu Shiva

(Creator) (Protector) (The Destroyer)
The Caste System
Brahmins (Priests)
Kshatriyas (Warriors and Rulers)
Vaisyas (Skilled traders,

merchants and minor officials)
Sudras (Unskilled workers)
Pariah (Outcastes,
Untouchables, Children of God)
Buddhism
Buddhism
• Siddhartha Gautama is the founder
• Gautama is a wealthy person who lived in a luxury and
safety walls of a palace
• Gautama’s mission in life is to find the inner peace and
freedom from the suffering in the world
• After a religious enlightenment (49 days of meditation
under a tree), Gautama reached the ENLIGHTENMENT
(perfect understanding of the world)
• He earned the title ‘The Enlightened One’ known as the
‘Buddha’
• He discovered the ‘Four Noble Truths’ – core of Buddhism
beliefs
Four Noble Truths to reach Nirvana (release from pain)
1. Life has inevitable suffering.
2. There is a cause for our suffering
3. There is an end to suffering.
4. The end of suffering is contained in the eight fold

path.
Eight Fold Path
Concentratio
Wisdom Morality
n
3. Right
1. Right 6. Right Effort
Speech
Understanding
7. Right
4. Right Action
Mindfulness
2. Right
Aspiration 5. Right 8. Right
Livelihood Concentration
Hinduism v Buddhism
Hinduism Buddhism
Moksha Nirvana
Multiple Gods No God
Caste System Rejects Caste System

Confucianism
What is Confucianism?
• is humanism, a philosophy or attitude that is concerned with human
beings, their achievements and interests, rather than with the
abstract beings and problems of theology. In Confucianism man is the
center of the universe: man cannot live alone, but with other human
beings. For human beings, the ultimate goal is individual happiness.
The necessary condition to achieve happiness is through peace. To
obtain peace, Confucius discovered human relations consisting of the
five relationships which are based on love and duties. War has to be
abolished; and the Great Unity of the world should be developed.
Confucianism
• Confucianism ‘Ruism’ is a tradition, a philosophy, a religion,
a way of life
• Emphasize the ethical dimension of the world
• Gives primary attention to human relationships, social
values and ideas (foundation of Chinese society)
Development and Historical Background of
Confucianism
• War and social changes were disrupting everyday life
• Government or the dynasties lacked control of the society
• These philosophies helped guide people and the government to a better life
• during (551-479BCE) people does not trust anymore the rullings of the
emperors and dynasties
• China is divided by each dynasty which govern each state
• Founded during the warring states period of Ancient China
• It was introduced by Confucius, known to the Chinese as “Kong Fuzi” which
translate as Grandmaster Kong
Hundred School of Thought
Confucius
• Confucius is born in 551 BC
• Confucius is a Chinese teacher, editor,
politician, and philosopher.
• The philosophy of Confucius is now the
Confucianism
The Analects
• The Analects of Confucius, the closest we have to a primary source for
his thoughts, relates the discussions with his disciples in short sayings
• This book contains a compilation of questions and answers, excerpts
from conversations, and anecdotes from Confucius' life
• “Lead the people with administrative injunctions and put them in their place
with penal law, and they will avoid punishments but will be without a sense of
shame. Lead them with excellence and put them in their place through roles
and ritual practices, and in addition to developing a sense of shame, they will
order themselves harmoniously.” (Analects II, 3)
• His writings deal primarily with individual morality and ethics, and the
proper exercise of political power by the rulers.
• Confucius argues that under law, external authorities administer
punishments after illegal actions, so people generally behave well
without understanding reasons why they should; whereas with ritual,
patterns of behavior are internalized and exert their influence before
actions are taken, so people behave properly because they fear
shame and want to avoid losing face.
Beliefs and foundation of Confucianism
• Confucian ethical teachings include the following values:
• Li: includes ritual, propriety, etiquette, etc.
• Hsiao: love within the family: love of parents for their children and of children
for their parents
• Yi: righteousness
• Xin: honesty and trustworthiness
• Jen: benevolence, humaneness towards others; the highest Confucian virtue
• Chung: loyalty to the state, etc.
Confucian goal
• Unconditional moral obligation to work for:
• Universal human well-being
• Order & harmony
• peace & happiness in this life here on earth
• Good ruler
• Morally good
• Reasonable
• Moderate – not extreme
• Kind and helpful
• Implications for Government
• Best rulers are wise
• Lead by example
• Developed & used civil service system
• Exams and training for gov’t jobs
Ideology and conclusion of Confucianism
• Confucianism as the old ideology had been criticized for a long time
from the official point of view in China; however, its core value is still
influencing Chinese society. On the way towards road of the rule of
law, Confucianism is considered playing the negative role. It is
necessary to study the framework of Confucianism systematically so as
to understand why the rule of law shows difference in between China
and western world, and why Chinese would rather resolve disputes in
Confucianism way than the rule of law. I will discuss the thinking way
of Confucianism, analyze its core value and the relation between
Confucianism and the rule of law, through which get to the conclusion
that Confucianism value has the inclination to avoid the law
• Confucianism created a system that people pursue perfect virtue in order to
realize the great harmony society. However, its values led to the trend to be
away from the rule of law. In addition, Confucianism loses its consistency in
thought when it cannot restrain the authority effectively which lead to the
regret that the humanness it stressed on may be in danger. Westerners
criticize China on its human rights, but ignore tradition that rooted in
Chinese blood. Nowadays, the rule of law has been written in Chinese
constitution, but Chinese still think in Confucianism way subconsciously, law
still is not a favorable way to solve the disputes. Chinese is trying to combine
Confucianism value with the rule of law, in order to construct a harmonic
society, the study on Confucius thinking way will contribute a lot on the way
to the rule of law.
Taoism
Taoism
• Taoism is a spiritual
philosophy that focuses on a
person’s outlook in life, and
the world around them.
• Taoism belief is that
humankind, nature, and
heaven are all interconnected
and harmony exists (living
with harmony)
• Taoism is practiced in China,
Taiwan, Hong Kong,
Singapore, Japan, and
Thailand.
Taoism Belief in Harmony
Live in harmony with one’s own nature known as wu wei
Yin and Yang
• Taoists believe everything
in existence has the
characteristics of both
the yin and the yang.
• Yin – cold, dark,
mysterious is associated
with earth and female
• Yang – warm, bright, and
positive is associated
with heavens and is male.

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Oriental Presenters:

•Allan Jay Evangelista (Hinduism)

World •John Trajano (Buddhism)

Naturalism Fundamentalism Monotheism Polytheism

Ant Human Being

Lion Monkey Moksha

Brahma Vishnu Shiva

Kshatriyas (Warriors and Rulers)

Vaisyas (Skilled traders,

Sudras (Unskilled workers)

1. Life has inevitable suffering.

2. There is a cause for our suffering

3. There is an end to suffering.

4. The end of suffering is contained in the eight fold

Multiple Gods No God

Caste System Rejects Caste System

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