What Is Urban Planning

What is Urban Planning?
Is the art and science of ordering the use of land and setting of
buildings and communication routes so as to secure the maximum
degree of economy, convenience and beauty.
Urban planning is about on how the built environment influences
human behavior and interaction.
Urban Planning
Science Art
Collect Correlate Analyze Design Model Build
Transport
1.3 SCHEMATIC OF
Building Materials, Water
URBAN AREA
Resources
• In a sense, God made

the country and man
made the town. Tourism, Recreation,
Cultural Activities
Communication Patterns
Work/Education
URBAN
Knowledge Transfer RURAL
Waste/Pollution
Food
Migration/ Habitation
Trade
Energy
BASICS OF URBAN
PLANNING
7 types of Urban Planning:
1] . Strategic Urban Planning
Strategic urban planning focuses on setting high-level goals and determining desired areas of growth for a city or
metropolitan area. Strategic Plan—also called the development plan, core strategy, or comprehensive plan.
2] . Land-Use Planning
Land-use planning largely concerns legislation and policy, adopting planning instruments like governmental
statutes, regulations, rules, codes, and policies to influence land use.
These planning instruments deal with the type, location, and amount of land needed to carry out different functions
of the city. They also serve to zone or reserve land for certain purposes such as:
 Residential
 Commercial
 Industrial
 Municipal
3] . Master Planning
Master planning is typically used for greenfield development projects, or building on undeveloped land—instead of
modifying pre-existing structures or spaces, you’re starting from scratch.
4] . Urban Revitalization
In contrast to master planning, urban revitalization focuses on improving areas that are in a state of decline. The
exact definition of a declining area will differ from city to city—for example, areas that have a troubling number of
failing businesses or a stagnant or decreasing population growth.
5] . Economic Development
Economic development is about identifying areas of growth to foster greater financial prosperity within the city,
specifically by enticing companies to build or move offices there.
6] . Environmental Planning
Environmental planning is a type of strategic development that emphasizes sustainability.
7] . Infrastructure Planning
Infrastructure planning deals with the fundamental facilities and systems that serve a city and its people, and how
those facilities can support goals laid out in the strategic plan. This type of urban planning covers:
 Public works infrastructure

 Community infrastructure
 Safety and transportation
URBAN PLANNING
PLANS
THE ‘GRAND MANNER’
1] Coordinated design for streets
connecting monuments
2] Topography
3] Having a ‘MAIN STREET’
LINKS TO WASHINGTON D.C
The L’Enfant Plan (1791)
 The Capitol on the hill and radiating boulevards from the capitol
 Desires for ‘The Grand Manner’ symbolism
LINKS TO WASHINGTON D.C
EFFICIENCY
 Congestion
 Haussmannization
EQUITY PLANNING
Social Equity Planning
Growing South with Transit

ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY
 Development of parks
 Reduce pollution
ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY
GARDEN CITY MOVEMENT
TOWERS IN THE PARK
Le Corbusier
 Water could be extreme Density

in city
 Nature
 City= Beautiful
TOWERS IN THE PARK
 Focus on segregation
BROADACRE CITY
Frank Lloyd Wright
POLITICAL ASPECTS
Planning is highly political: Local, State, Federal
STEPS AND TOOLS IN PLANNING
 Data Collection
 Goal Formulation
 Plan Creation
 Implementation
What is Regional Planning?
 deals with the efficient placement of land-use activities, infrastructure, and settlement growth across a
larger area of land than an individual city or town. Regional planning is a sub-field of urban planning as it
relates land use practices on a broader scale.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN URBAN
PLANNING AND REGIONAL
PLANNING
 Differ in distances or scales involved
Urban Regional
Planning Planning
ASPECTS OF REGIONAL PLANNING
Preliminary Aspects of Regional Planning may constitute the following:

Sustainability - Sustainability leads to balance in Regional Development
 Environment
Some of the major environmental concerns that can be addressed by regional planning approach are the
following:
i. Control of pollution specially water pollution, use and maintenance of the water courses.
ii. Maintenance of green cover, forests and eco fragile areas.
 Disaster Management – The impact of natural disasters is exaggerated by unscientific plus unplanned development.
 Promoting Balanced Development – Imbalanced development of the country has led to lop-sided development
in favor of urban settlements
There are (3) main resources for Planning and Development of Urban and Regional centres
 Land
 Finance
 Manpower
Land As a resource
 Land is required for development of essential infrastructure and for urbanization, while at the same time
there is also a need to protect land under environmentally sensitive zones and land which provides ecosystem
services.
Land Economics

 Land value depends on demand and supply of The land acquisition Act- Act has provided for
land. fair compensation to those whose land is
acquired
permanently or temporarily, while bringing in enhan
ced transparency to the process
of acquisition of land.
For speeding up the implementation of regional plans the following should be adopted:
i. Simplification of preparation of plan: focused key sectors and preparation in a limited time to one year, as
suggested by TCPO
ii. Simplification in the implementation of plan:

 plans to be easily understandable & acceptable
 minimizing conflicting recommendations within a plan
 provision for translation of plans and related documents into vernacular
languages
iii. Simplification in data gathering: user-friendly GIS and remote sensing data to be sourced for simplifying the
process for plan formulation by developing a spatial data base useful for planning, decision making and
implementation decision
iv. Simplification of approval/schemes: improving the approval process by developing citizens charter, approval
mechanism for the change in land-use permissions and by developing.
PROCESS OF URBAN AND REGIONAL
PLANNING
 Preparation of State Perspective Plan
 District Development Plan / Metropolitan
 Region Development Plan
 Master Plan
 Schemes / Annual Plans
CONTENTS OF PERSPECTIVE PLAN
 Eco sensitive zones of the state
 Boundaries of all the urban and rural settlements of the
state
 Mapping of transport and communication networks
 Mapping of natural features
 Industrial, mining and related area
 Disaster Zoning
CONTENTS OF REGIONAL PLAN
 Physical setting, settlement pattern
 Infrastructure resources
 Transport
 Environment and sustainability
 Regional Policy and development strategy
 Regional Land use
 Disaster Management Plan
 Implementation Strategies and Management Structure
Types of Regional Planning:
1] Physical Regional Planning:
This types of Panning can be understand as an overall pattern of land-use, the character and distribution of public
structures and constructions. It controls the distribution and availability of physical facilities which are necessary
for the overall development.
2] Economic Regional Planning:

focuses on overall economic structure and activities of any region. It deals with production, distribution and
consumption of material and no-material resources.
3] Allocative Regional Planning:

This type of planning can be used in a situation when the distribution of resources are highly uneven. Therefore,
Production, distribution and consumption of resources are mainly determined by allocation of the resources.
4] Innovative Regional Planning:

The interest of innovative planning for regional advancement has developed in the last decade of 20th century. The
connection among innovation and development is highly unpredictable.
Types of Regional Planning:
5] Indicative Regional Planning:
Probably, this type of Planning has been started in France after the world war II.
6] Imperative Regional Planning:

Basically, this is a planning wherein the usage is given for along the definition of plans. As such, the two parts of
preparation its formulation and execution ; are already discussed in the beginning. The last part is composed into
the arrangement in as clear a way as the first. The rationale of this planning is basic i.e. when a plan is formulated ,
it must be implemented.
Principles of Regional Planning:
1] . Principle of Vertical Unity:
The principle of vertical unity means that all phenomena (both physical and cultural) that operate in a regional
space are fully integrated and interrelated with each other.
2] . The Principle of Horizontal Spatial Unity:

This principle implies that each region constitutes a sub-system of the whole regional system. Therefore, all the
regions works together in case of planning.
3] . The Principle of Space-time Continuum:

This principle implies that spatial reality is as true as temporal entity.
4] . The Principle of Comprehensive Development:

Comprehensive development means that the regional planning seeks to achieve the comprehensive development of
the entire regional space.
5] . The Principle of Community Development:

The principle of community development is the principle of equal opportunities to all for self development.
Principles of Regional Planning:
6] . The Principle of Equilibrium between Social Desirability and Economic
Viability:
This principle implies that while planning for comprehensive development of all regions, the regional planner has
to maintain a balance between what is socially and economically desirable and viable during one point of time for a
particular region.
7] . The Principle of Ecological Equilibrium:

The regional planning should make the ecology and environment sustainable.

What Is Urban Planning

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What is Urban Planning?

• In a sense, God made

 Public works infrastructure

Growing South with Transit

 Water could be extreme Density

ii. Simplification in the implementation of plan:

2] Economic Regional Planning:

3] Allocative Regional Planning:

4] Innovative Regional Planning:

6] Imperative Regional Planning:

2] . The Principle of Horizontal Spatial Unity:

3] . The Principle of Space-time Continuum:

4] . The Principle of Comprehensive Development:

5] . The Principle of Community Development:

7] . The Principle of Ecological Equilibrium:

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