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    Machine Learning: B.Tech (CSBS) V Semester

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    LIKHIT JHA
    The document discusses machine learning models and algorithms. It covers supervised learning techniques like classification and regression. Classification algorithms discussed include logistic regression, support vector machines, and Naive Bayes. Regression techniques covered are linear regression, decision trees, and random forests. Unsupervised learning techniques like clustering, association, and dimensionality reduction are also summarized. Examples are provided to explain concepts like linear regression, decision trees, random forests, and clustering. Machine learning has various applications like recommendations, computer vision, natural language processing.

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    Machine Learning: B.Tech (CSBS) V Semester

    Uploaded by

    LIKHIT JHA
    59 views17 pages
    The document discusses machine learning models and algorithms. It covers supervised learning techniques like classification and regression. Classification algorithms discussed include logistic regression, support vector machines, and Naive Bayes. Regression techniques covered are linear regression, decision trees, and random forests. Unsupervised learning techniques like clustering, association, and dimensionality reduction are also summarized. Examples are provided to explain concepts like linear regression, decision trees, random forests, and clustering. Machine learning has various applications like recommendations, computer vision, natural language processing.

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    Lecture 2 & 3

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    The document discusses machine learning models and algorithms. It covers supervised learning techniques like classification and regression. Classification algorithms discussed include logistic regression, support vector machines, and Naive Bayes. Regression techniques covered are linear regression, decision trees, and random forests. Unsupervised learning techniques like clustering, association, and dimensionality reduction are also summarized. Examples are provided to explain concepts like linear regression, decision trees, random forests, and clustering. Machine learning has various applications like recommendations, computer vision, natural language processing.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    59 views17 pages

    Machine Learning: B.Tech (CSBS) V Semester

    Uploaded by

    LIKHIT JHA
    The document discusses machine learning models and algorithms. It covers supervised learning techniques like classification and regression. Classification algorithms discussed include logistic regression, support vector machines, and Naive Bayes. Regression techniques covered are linear regression, decision trees, and random forests. Unsupervised learning techniques like clustering, association, and dimensionality reduction are also summarized. Examples are provided to explain concepts like linear regression, decision trees, random forests, and clustering. Machine learning has various applications like recommendations, computer vision, natural language processing.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    Machine Learning

    B.Tech (CSBS) Vth Semester

    By:
    Prof. Moumita Pal
    B.Tech (CSE), M.Tech (CI), Ph.D (pursuing)
    Contact No.: +919952038867
    Mail id: moumitafdp@gmail.com
    Contents: Unit 1 Lecture 2 & 3

     Machine Learning Models


     Supervised Learning
     Types: Classification
     Types: Regression
     Unsupervised Learning
     Types: Clustering, Association, Dimensionality Reduction
     Comparison
     Applications of ML

    Prof. Moumita Pal 2


    Machine Learning Models
    Task Driven Data Driven

    Supervised Learning Unsupervised Learning


    (Pre-categorized data) (Unlabeled Data)
    Predications + Predictive Models Pattern/Structure Recognition

    Clustering
    Divide by similarity

    Association
    Regression Classification Identify Sequences

    Divide the ties by length Divide the socks by color

    Dimensionality Reduction
    Linear Regression Logistic Regression
    Compress data based on features

    Decision Tree

    Support Vector Machine

    Random Forest
    Prof. Moumita Pal 3

    Neural Networks Naïve Bayes


    Supervised Learning
    Supervised learning is when we teach or train the machine using data that is well labeled,
    which means some data is already tagged with the correct answer. After that, the machine is
    provided with a new set of examples(data) so that the supervised learning algorithm analyses
    the training data(set of training examples) and produces a correct outcome from labeled data. 
    Types: Regression
    Linear Regression:
     Linear Regression is a machine learning algorithm based on supervised learning. It
    performs a regression task.
     Regression models a target prediction value based on independent variables. It is mostly
    used for finding out the relationship between variables and forecasting.
     Different regression models differ based on – the kind of relationship between dependent
    and independent variables they are considering and the number of independent variables
    being used.
     While training the model we are given :
    x: input training data (univariate – one input variable(parameter))
    y: labels to data (supervised learning)

    Prof. Moumita Pal 5


    Decision Tree:
     A Decision tree is a flowchart like tree structure, where each internal node denotes a test on an
    attribute, each branch represents an outcome of the test, and each leaf node (terminal node)
    holds a class label. 
     It is a graphical representation for getting all the possible solutions to a problem/decision based
    on given conditions.

    Prof. Moumita Pal 6


    Random Forest:
     Every decision tree has high variance, but when we combine all of them together in
    parallel then the resultant variance is low as each decision tree gets perfectly trained on
    that particular sample data and hence the output doesn’t depend on one decision tree
    but multiple decision trees.
     In the case of a classification problem, the final output is taken by using the majority
    voting classifier. In the case of a regression problem, the final output is the mean of all
    the outputs.

    Prof. Moumita Pal 7


    Neural Networks:
     Neural networks are artificial systems that were inspired by biological neural
    networks.
     These systems learn to perform tasks by being exposed to various datasets and
    examples without any task-specific rules.

    Prof. Moumita Pal 8


    Types: Classification
    Logistic Regression:
     The model builds a regression model to predict the probability that a given data entry
    belongs to the category numbered as “1”.
     Just like Linear regression assumes that the data follows a linear function, Logistic
    regression models the data using the sigmoid function.
     Types are: binomial, multinomial, ordinal.

    Prof. Moumita Pal 9


    Support Vector Machine:
     SVM finds a hyper-plane that creates a boundary between the types of data. In 2-
    dimensional space, this hyper-plane is nothing but a line.
     In SVM, we plot each data item in the dataset in an N-dimensional space, where N is
    the number of features/attributes in the data. Next, find the optimal hyperplane to
    separate the data.

    Prof. Moumita Pal 10


    Naïve Bayes:
     Naive Bayes classifiers are a collection of classification algorithms based on Bayes’
    Theorem.
     It is not a single algorithm but a family of algorithms where all of them share a
    common principle, i.e. every pair of features being classified is independent of each
    other.

    Prof. Moumita Pal 11


    Unsupervised Learning
    • Unsupervised learning is the training of a machine using information that is neither
    classified nor labeled and allowing the algorithm to act on that information without
    guidance.
    • Here the task of the machine is to group unsorted information according to similarities,
    patterns, and differences without any prior training of data.

    Prof. Moumita Pal 12


    Types
    Clustering:
    A clustering problem is where you want to discover the inherent groupings in the data, such
    as grouping customers by purchasing behavior.

    Association:
     An association rule learning problem is where you want to discover rules that describe
    large portions of your data, such as people that buy X also tend to buy Y.

    Prof. Moumita Pal 13


    Dimensionality Reduction:
     In machine learning classification problems, there are often too many factors on the
    basis of which the final classification is done.
     These factors are basically variables called features. The higher the number of features,
    the harder it gets to visualize the training set and then work on it.
     Sometimes, most of these features are correlated, and hence redundant. This is where
    dimensionality reduction algorithms come into play.
     Dimensionality reduction is the process of reducing the number of random variables
    under consideration, by obtaining a set of principal variables.

    Prof. Moumita Pal 14


    Comparison

    Prof. Moumita Pal 15


    Any Questions?

    Prof. Moumita Pal 16


    Applications of ML

    Prof. Moumita Pal 17

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