B.

TECH FIRST YEAR

ACADEMIC YEAR: 2020-2021

COURSE NAME: ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS-I

COURSE CODE : MA 1101
LECTURE SERIES NO : 01 (ONE)
CREDITS : 4
MODE OF DELIVERY : ONLINE (POWER POINT PRESENTATION)
FACULTY : DR. SUNIL JOSHI
EMAIL-ID : sunil.joshi@Jaipur.manipal.edu
PROPOSED DATE OF DELIVERY: 16 OCTOBER 2020
 “ TO UNDERSTAND
THE CONCEPT OF ODE
SESSION OUTCOME AND THEIR
APPLICATIONS AND
SOLVE THE PROBLEM”
ASSIGNMENT
QUIZ
MID TERM EXAMINATION –I & II
END TERM EXAMINATION
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA'S
 PROGRAM
OUTCOMES
MAPPING WITH
CO1

[PO1]
ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE: APPLY THE KNOWLEDGE
OF MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE, ENGINEERING
FUNDAMENTALS, AND AN ENGINEERING
SPECIALIZATION TO THE SOLUTION OF COMPLEX
ENGINEERING PROBLEMS.
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

LECTURE NO.# 1
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, students will be able to
 
[MA1101.1] Describe the concept of ODE and their applications to solve the problems
[MA1101.2] Describe the concept of Interpolation, Numerical differentiation & integration and
their applications and in real life problems.
[MA1101.3] Describe the concept of numerical methods to evaluate the roots of Algebraic &
Transcendental equations and solutions of ODE though which one could develop
programming skills to develop the skill of solving the complex problems which intern
become employable in corporate sector
[MA1101.4] Describe the concept of rank for the matrix by solution of the system of
linear equations and developed their skill to solve engineering application-
based problems.
[MA1101.5] Describe the basic concepts of vector space and to analysis the problems having
engineering applications.
 DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY
• An equation involving one dependent variable and its derivatives with respect to one or more independent variables is
called a differential equation (DE). Many of the general laws of nature in physics, chemistry, biology, and astronomy,
find their most natural expression in the language of differential equations. Applications also abound in mathematics
itself, especially in geometry, and in engineering, economics, and many other fields of applied science.

• It is easy to understand the reason behind this broad utility of differential equations. We may recall if y  is a
given function, which is differentiable on the interval  ,   then its derivative can be interpreted as the rate of
dy 2 dy
change of y with respect to x i.e  0.2 xe 0.1 x   0.2 xy.
dx dx
• In any natural process, the variables involved and their rates of change are connected with one another by means of the
basic scientific principles that govern the process. When this connection is expressed in mathematical symbols, the
result is often a differential equation.

Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Manipal University Jaipur 8

 Classification by type:
If an equation involving ordinary derivatives of one or more dependent variables with respect to one
independent variable is called an Ordinary differential equation (ODE).

Examples:

 𝑑𝑦 −𝑥
2

+2 𝑥𝑦=𝑒
𝑑𝑥
2
 𝑑 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2
−5 + 𝑦=0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 Here, y is dependent variable and x is independent
variable
d2y dy
x2

dx 2
 x
dx
  x 2
 p 2
 y0

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
( 
1− 𝑥 )
2
2
− 2 𝑥 + 𝑝 ( 𝑝+1 ) 𝑦 =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
Here, x and y is dependent variables and t are independent variables
−5 + 𝑥+ 𝑦 =0
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
If an equation involving partial derivatives of one or more dependent variables with respect to one or
more independent variable is called a Partial differential equation (PDE).

Examples
:
 2u  2u
 0 Here, u is dependent variable and x and y are independent
x 2
y 2
variables, and is partial differential equation.

 4u  4u
 0
x 4 t 4
Here, u is dependent variable and x and t are independent variables

 2u  2u u
 
x 2 t 2 t
 CLSSIFICATION BY ORDER AND DEGREE
The order of the differential equation is order of the highest derivative in the differential and the degree of a
differential equation is power of the highest order derivative term in the differential equation.
equation.

Differential Equation ORDER Degree

dy 1
 2x  5 1
dx
d2y dy
 7  12 y  0
dx 2 dx 2 1
4
d 3 y  dy 
   5y  9
dx 3  dx  3 1
3
 d2y   dy 
    6  0 2
 dx 2
  dx  3
 Classification by Linearity:
An nth-order ordinary differential equation in one dependent variable symbolically express by the general form

is as follows: 
F x, y , y ',... y 
n
  0.  1
Where F is a real valued function of n+2 variables :   . Equation (1) is called Linear if F is linear in
  . The nth order differential equation can be express as follows:
dny d n 1 y dy
an  x  an 1  x   ...  a1  x   a0  x  y  g  x   2
dx n dx n 1 dx

The equation (2) will be first, second, third,… order linear differential equation for n =1, 2, 3,….so on.

Note:
 Equation (2) will be called nth order linear differential equation with constant coefficients  if for n=1,2,3,.. are constants.

 Equation (2) will be called nth order linear differential equation with coefficients  for n=1,2,3,.. are variables.
if
 Initial valued problems
We are often interested in problems in which we seek a solution y (x) of a differential equation so that y (x) satisfies
prescribed side conditions. i.e. conditions that imposed on the unknown y (x) or its derivatives. Such problems are
called initial value problem. For instant
dny
dx n
 F x , 
y , y ',... y  n 1

Subject to conditions:

y  x0   y0 , y '  x0   y1 ,...., y   x0 
n 1
 y n 1.

Where   are arbitrarily specified real constants, is called an initial-value problem (IVP). And values
of y (x) is called Initial Conditions.
 
y   sin  x  ; y    0.
Example: Solve 2
 
Sol. y   sin  x   y   cos  x   C  0   cos    C  C  0
2

Hence, y   cos  x 
 Linear differential equation

A differential equation is linear, if

i. dependent variable and its derivatives are of degree one,
ii. coefficients of a term does not depend upon dependent variable.
Examples:
d2y dy
2
 5  6y  0 is linear.
dx dx
3
d 3 y  dy 
   y5 is non - linear as the 2nd term is not of degree one.
dx 3  dx 

d2y dy
x2
 y x is non - linear as the 2nd term coefficient depends on y.
dx 2 dx

dy y2 y4
 cos y is non - linear as Cos y  1    ... is non – linear
dx 2! 4!

Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Manipal University Jaipur 14

ANY QUESTION ???