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    Microbial Diseases of Skin & Eyes

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    briterry2008
    1. Staphylococcus and Streptococcus are common bacterial pathogens of the skin that can cause diseases like impetigo, folliculitis, and cellulitis. Staphylococcus aureus infections may result in toxic shock syndrome. 2. Fungal infections of the skin like ringworm are caused by dermatophytes such as Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton. Viruses cause warts and childhood diseases like chickenpox and measles. 3. Bacterial eye infections include conjunctivitis, trachoma, and neonatal ophthalmia. Viruses can result in herpetic keratitis while protozoa such as Acan

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    Microbial Diseases of Skin & Eyes

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    briterry2008
    33 views29 pages
    1. Staphylococcus and Streptococcus are common bacterial pathogens of the skin that can cause diseases like impetigo, folliculitis, and cellulitis. Staphylococcus aureus infections may result in toxic shock syndrome. 2. Fungal infections of the skin like ringworm are caused by dermatophytes such as Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton. Viruses cause warts and childhood diseases like chickenpox and measles. 3. Bacterial eye infections include conjunctivitis, trachoma, and neonatal ophthalmia. Viruses can result in herpetic keratitis while protozoa such as Acan

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    Chapter 21

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    1. Staphylococcus and Streptococcus are common bacterial pathogens of the skin that can cause diseases like impetigo, folliculitis, and cellulitis. Staphylococcus aureus infections may result in toxic shock syndrome. 2. Fungal infections of the skin like ringworm are caused by dermatophytes such as Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton. Viruses cause warts and childhood diseases like chickenpox and measles. 3. Bacterial eye infections include conjunctivitis, trachoma, and neonatal ophthalmia. Viruses can result in herpetic keratitis while protozoa such as Acan

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    33 views29 pages

    Microbial Diseases of Skin & Eyes

    Uploaded by

    briterry2008
    1. Staphylococcus and Streptococcus are common bacterial pathogens of the skin that can cause diseases like impetigo, folliculitis, and cellulitis. Staphylococcus aureus infections may result in toxic shock syndrome. 2. Fungal infections of the skin like ringworm are caused by dermatophytes such as Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton. Viruses cause warts and childhood diseases like chickenpox and measles. 3. Bacterial eye infections include conjunctivitis, trachoma, and neonatal ophthalmia. Viruses can result in herpetic keratitis while protozoa such as Acan

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    Microbial Diseases of Skin &

    eyes
    Chapter 21
    Structure and Function of Skin
    • Epidermis: Stratum Corneum, Keratin.
    • Dermis: Hair f., sweat and oil glands ducts.
    Mucous Membrane
    • Mucosa, attached to basement membrane,
    secretory cells sometimes ciliated.
    • Normal microbiota of the skin:
    • Staphylococci, & Micrococci.
    • Propionibacterium & Corynebacterium.
    • Yeast, Malassezia furfur cause dandruff.
    Lesions of the skin
    • Vesicle: small fluid-filled lesion, > 1 cm.
    • Bulla: Like vesicle more than 1 cm.
    • Macule: Flat reddened lesion < 1cm.
    • Pustule or papule: Macule containing pus.
    Diseases of the Skin
    • Staphylococcus: Gram positive cocci, cluster.
    • Staph. epidermidis: Coagulase negative, part of
    the normal microbiota, apportunistic.
    Nosocomial pathogen through biofilm.
    • Staph. aureus: More pathogenic, coagulase
    positive, MRSA. Can evade body defenses, can
    cause folliculitis, sty,
    furuncle, carbuncle
    and impetigo.
    Staphylococcus Skin diseases

    1- Folliculitis 2- Furuncle
    3- Carbuncle 4- Impetigo
    Staphylococcus Infection
    • Bullous impetigo: Toxin A localized.
    • Scalded skin syndrome: Toxin B circulating.
    • Pemphigus neonatorum: impetigo of the
    neoborn.
    • Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS): life-threatening,
    vomiting, sunburnlike rashes, organ failure
    and death due to TSST-1.
    • Toxin acts as super antigen.
    Staphylococcus Skin diseases
    • 1- Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSS) 2- Pemphigus neonatorum
    Streptococcal Infection
    • Gram positive cocci, thread-like, catalase
    negative. Secrete hemolycin.
    • Beta hemolytic group A streptococci e.g. St.
    pyogenes.
    Streptococcus Virulence Factors
    • Streptolycin.
    • M Protein.
    • Streptokinase.
    • Hyaluronidase.
    • Deoxyribonuclease.
    • Capsule.
    • Exotoxin A
    • Streptococcus pyogenes (Flesh-eating disease).
    Streptococcus Diseases
    • 1- Erysipelas 2- Necrotizing Fasciitis
    (TSS).
    Pseudomonas Infections
    • Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram –ve rod.
    • Pseudomonas dermatitis: swimming pools,
    sauna and hot tubs.
    • Otitis externa: Swimmer’s ear.
    • Nosocomial infection.
    • Burn infection.
    • Treatment: quinolones, antipseud. B-lact,
    and Silver Sulfadiazine.
    Buruli Ulcer
    • Renamed after an Ugandan region.
    • Wide spread in tropical and temperate areas.
    • Caused by mycobacterium alcerans.
    • If untreated cause severe tissue damage and
    leads to amputation.
    • The bacteria released a toxin Mycolactone,
    that causes this tissue damage.
    Acne
    • Affecting more than 17 millions, 85% are
    teenagers.
    • Develop when sebum channel is clogged.
    • Comedonal acne: Minor acne, topical drugs.
    • Inflammatory acne: bacterial, Propion. acnes.
    Use drugs reduce sebum, Isotretinoin.
    • Nodular cystic acne: deep inflammation with
    pus-filled nodules leaves prominent scars.
    Viral Diseases
    • Warts: benign skin growth caused by viruses,
    papillomas. Use cold liquid N, dry or burn.
    • Smallpox: variola major and variola minor.
    Chickenpox and Shingles
    • Chickenpox, Varicella, a mild childhood
    disease.
    • Caused by herpes virus, varicella-zoster.
    • Reye syndrome: severe complications of
    chickenpox , influenza and other viral
    infections.
    • Shingles: Herpes zoster, vesicles like
    chickenpox but localized in specific areas.
    Chickenpox and Shingles
    • 1- Chickenpox 2- Shingles
    Herpes Simplex
    • It also called human herpesvirus 1 and 2.
    • May develop lesions cold sores or fever
    blisters.
    • Herpes gladiatorum.
    • Herpetic whitlow.
    • Herpes encephalitis.
    Measles (Rubeola)
    • Extremely contagious viral disease.
    • Common cold symptoms followed by macular
    rash.
    • Presence of Koplik’s spot of diagnostic value.
    • In children complication include middle ear
    infection and pneumonia.
    • Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: very
    rare fatal measles complication.
    Rubella and Roseola
    • German measles milder than rubeola.
    • Complication is rare mainly in adults.
    • In pregnant women it causes congenital
    rubella syndrome.
    • Roseola is a mild childhood disease.
    • High fever followed by rash.
    • Caused by human herpes virus 6 and & 7.
    Fungal Diseases
    • Cutaneous mycosis:
    • Dermatophytes: Fungal grow on the keratin layer
    of the skin, hair and nails.
    • Caused by fugals: Trichophyton, Microsporum and
    Epidermophyton.
    • Tinea capitis: ringworm of the scalp.
    • Tinea cruris: ringworm of the groin.
    • Tinea pedis: ringworm of the foot.
    • Tinea unguinum: ringworm of the nail.
    Fungal Diseases
    • 1- Tinea capitis 2- Tinea pedis
    Subcutaneous Mycosis
    • Sporotricosis: caused by dimprphic fungi
    Sporothrix schenkii.
    • Small ulcers in the hands.
    • Form similar lesions in the lymph nod area.
    • Cured by ingestion of diluted potassium
    iodide.
    Candidiases
    • Candida, e.g. candida albicans can cause
    thrush in newborns, whitish overgrowth of
    the fungus in the oral cavity.
    • Use of antibiotics or change in pH result in
    cadidiases vaginitis.
    • AIDS patients are prone to candida infection.
    • Treated with topical use of miconazole,
    clotrimazole or nystatin.
    Parasitic Skin Infection
    • Scabies: Caused by mite, Sarcoptes scabiei.
    • Skin lesions as the mite borrow and lay eggs
    under the skin.
    • Itching and scratching will result in
    inflammation and secondary infection.
    • Transmitted by intimate and sexual contact.
    • Treated by topical use of permethrin.
    Parasitic Skin Infection
    • Pediculosis: is lice infestation.
    • Head louce is Pediculus human capitis while
    body louce is Pediculus human corporis.
    • Body louse spread epidemic typhus.
    Bacterial Diseases of the eye
    • Conjutivitis: inflammation of the conjuctiva.
    • Bacterial:
    • Opthalmia neonatorum: caused by Neisseria
    gonorrhea, large amount of pus & ulceration.
    • Inclusion Conjuctivitis: caused by Chlamydia
    trachomatis.
    • Trachoma: greatest single cause of blindness, caused
    by Chlamydia trachomatis. Transmit by contact,
    personal objects and flies. Can lead to Trichiasis (in-
    turning of eyelashes), blindness.
    • Conjuctivitis Trachoma (Trichiasis)
    • Opthalmia Neonatum Herpetic Keratitis
    Non Bacterial Diseases of the Eye
    • Herpetic keratitis: Viral, herpes simplex 1,
    characterized by inflammation of the cornea.
    • Acanthamoeba keratitis: protozoan, water
    and soil organism, contact lenses. In severe
    cases corneal transplant, removal of the eye.
    • Treated with propamidine isethionate eye
    drops, topical neomycin.

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