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    Menopause: Ms Bincy Joshwa

    Uploaded by

    Jay Paul
    The document discusses menopause, including: 1) Menopause occurs between ages 45-55 and is defined by the absence of menstrual periods for 12 months due to declining estrogen levels. 2) Common symptoms include hot flashes, night sweats, mood changes, and vaginal dryness due to estrogen deficiency. 3) Diagnosis involves testing FSH levels and examining medical history and symptoms. Hormone replacement therapy can help treat menopausal symptoms.

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    Menopause: Ms Bincy Joshwa

    Uploaded by

    Jay Paul
    23 views10 pages
    The document discusses menopause, including: 1) Menopause occurs between ages 45-55 and is defined by the absence of menstrual periods for 12 months due to declining estrogen levels. 2) Common symptoms include hot flashes, night sweats, mood changes, and vaginal dryness due to estrogen deficiency. 3) Diagnosis involves testing FSH levels and examining medical history and symptoms. Hormone replacement therapy can help treat menopausal symptoms.

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    Menopause

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    The document discusses menopause, including: 1) Menopause occurs between ages 45-55 and is defined by the absence of menstrual periods for 12 months due to declining estrogen levels. 2) Common symptoms include hot flashes, night sweats, mood changes, and vaginal dryness due to estrogen deficiency. 3) Diagnosis involves testing FSH levels and examining medical history and symptoms. Hormone replacement therapy can help treat menopausal symptoms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    23 views10 pages

    Menopause: Ms Bincy Joshwa

    Uploaded by

    Jay Paul
    The document discusses menopause, including: 1) Menopause occurs between ages 45-55 and is defined by the absence of menstrual periods for 12 months due to declining estrogen levels. 2) Common symptoms include hot flashes, night sweats, mood changes, and vaginal dryness due to estrogen deficiency. 3) Diagnosis involves testing FSH levels and examining medical history and symptoms. Hormone replacement therapy can help treat menopausal symptoms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    Menopause

    Ms Bincy Joshwa
    Introduction
    Climacteric : refers to the phase of decrease in ovarian
    activity that begins 2-3 yrs before menopause and
    progresses 2-5 yrs following it
    Menopause and climacteric are used interchangeably
    Onset of menopause occurs at 45-55 yrs of age
    Endocrinal changes
    The ovarian follicles reduce in no along with decrease
    in estrogen and progesterone levels
    The levels of inhibin also fall causing an increase in
    FSH levels
    FSH causes estrogen stimulation
    Due to reduced no of follicles the FSH fails to
    stimulate the production of estrogen
    This results in failure of endometrial development and
    absence of uterine bleeding which is observed as
    menopause
    Clinical features
    Vasomotor symptoms: instability of thermoregulatory center due to
    estrogen deficiency
    Hot flushes
    Night sweats
    CNS symptoms: due to reduced serotonin levels
    Insomnia
    Palpitations
    Psychological symptoms
    Mood changes
    Anxiety
    Loss of memory
    Loss of concentration
     irritability
    Alzheimers disease
    Reproductive symptoms
    Vaginal dryness
    Loss of libido
    Dyspareunia
    Urinary symptoms
    Urgency
    Frequency
    Dysuria
    Chronic consequences
    Osteoporosis
    Cardiovascular disease and strokes
    Diagnosis
    History and physical examination
    FSH >30 IU/L
    Pap smear, lipid profile , blood sugar and bone density
    Treatment
    Emotional support
    Counselling
    Lifestyle modification –high fibre diet, low fat, rich in
    antioxidants , exercise, smoking cessation and
    decreased alcohol intake , relaxation and stress
    reduction
    Medications
    Hormone replacement therapy
    Who are symptomatic and high risk of developing
    cardiovascular disorders, osteoporosis, Alzheimer’s
    disorder or colonic cancer
    Treated for 3-6 mnths and symptoms are relieved at the
    ned of 6 mnths
    Estrogen therapy is advised in lowest possible dose that
    relieves vasomotor symptoms , prevents vaginal atrophy,
    prevents acceleration of atherosclerosis
     Estrogen -0.625 mg
     Progestins-MDPA 5mg for 2 weeks every mnth
    Weight bearing excercises
    Adequate ultraviolet exposure
    Vitamin D>400 IU/day
    Calcium supplemenatation -1000mg/d
    Stop smoking and alcohol consumption
    Avoid excessive caffeine
    Post menopausal bleeding
    Uterine bleeding that occurs more than 12 mnths after
    the last menstrual period of a menopausal woman

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