FUNDAMENTAL OF

COMPUTER

BY: HIRA SHAH

COMPUTER FUNDAMENTAL

 Today’s world is an information-rich world and it has

become a necessity for everyone to know about
computers. A computer is an electronic data processing
device, which accepts and stores data input, processes the
data input, and generates the output in a required format.
Computer is an Electronic Device. It is use to calculate
and manipulate data. If we give any instruction to the
computer it gives us output(Result).
FULL FORM OF COMPUTER

C - Commonly
O - Operating
M - Machine
P - Particularly
U - Used For
T - Technical
E - Educational
R - Research
WHAT IS COMPUTER

 The word computer comes from the word

”compute”,which means “to calculate”. Thereby, A
computer is an electronic device that can perform
Arithmetic operations as well as logical operations at high
speed.  A computer is also called a data processor
because it can store,process and retrived data whenever
desired.
DATA PROCESSING
The activity of processing data using a computer is called
data processing. Data is raw material used as input and
information is processed data obtained as output of data
processing For example If we read a news paper there is lot
of data is available but we want read some particaluar news
that is information.
FATHER OF COMPUTER

Charles Babbage, British Mathematics professor regarded as

the Father of Computers.He was born in England in 1792 as
the son of a rich banker. He began to design a "difference
engine" in 1821 It was very complicated machine for doing
calculations automatically. He began design of another
machine "the analytical machine", which could carry out
many different types of calculations. His machine was too
ahead of the time of development.Lack of better technology
Babbage could not complete their work and passed away in
1871 before he had completed his work.
ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF COMPUETER
 Computer has making human life faster because of its incredible
speed,Accuracy and storage, with which human can save anything and
search it out easily when needed. We can say computer a versatile
machine because it is very flexible in performing their jobs. but
Computers have several important advantages and disadvantages.
Advantages of computer
 Multitasking
Multitasking is one of the major advantage of computer. Person can perform
multiple task, multiple operation, calculate numerical problems within few
seconds. Computer can perform trillion of instructions per second.
 Speed
Now computer is not just a calculating device. Now a day’s computer has very
important role in human life. One of the main advantages of computer is its
incredible speed, which helps human to complete their task in few seconds. All
the operations can be performed very fast just because of its speed elsewise it
takes a long time to perform the task.
 Cost/ Stores huge amount of data

It is a low cost solution. Person can save huge data within a low budget. Centralized 
database of storing information is the major advantage that can reduce cost.
 Accuracy
One of the root advantage of computer is that can perform not only calculations but also
with accuracy.
 Data Security
Protecting digital data is known as data security. Computer provide security from
destructive forces and from unwanted action from unauthorized users like cyberattack or
access attack.
Disadvantages of Computer

 As we know advantage comes with disadvantage.

 Virus and hacking attacks:
Virus is a worm and hacking is simply an unauthorized access over computer for some
illicit purpose. Virus is being transferred from email attachment, viewing an infected
website advertisement, through removable device like USB etc. once virus is transferred
in host computer it can infect file, overwrite the file etc.
For example: Huge portion of internet was going down including Twitter, Netflix, Reddit
and CNN in October 2016 because the largest DDoS attack was launched on service
provider DYN using IoT Botnet.
 Online Cyber Crimes:
Online cyber-crime means computer and network may have used in order to commit
crime. Cyberstalking and Identity theft are the points which comes under online cyber-
crimes. For example: one may get the access of the access to your shopping account like
amazon account now that person will be able to know your personal details like debit
card or credit card number which can be than misused.
 Reduction in employements:
 ployment opportunityMainly past generation was not used of the computer or they
have the knowledge of computer they faced a big problem when computer came in
field. As we have seen in banking sector senior bank employees faced this problem
when computer came to the banking sector.
Above were the main disadvantage of computer, no IQ, Dependency, No feeling, Break
down are the basic disadvantages of computer.
TYPES OF COMPUTER

 Super Computer 
 The fastest and most powerful type of computer Supercomputers are very
expensive and are employed for specialized applications that require
immense amounts of mathematical calculations. For example, weather
forecasting requires a supercomputer. Other uses of supercomputers
include animated graphics, fluid dynamic calculalations, nuclear energy
research, and petroleum exploration.
 The chief difference between a supercomputer and a mainframe is that a
supercomputer channels all its power into executing a few programs as
fast as possible, whereas a mainframe uses its power to execute many
programs concurrently.
 Mainframe Computer
 A very large and expensive computer capable of supporting hundreds, or even thousands,
of users simultaneously. In the hierarchy that starts with a simple microprocessor (in
watches, for example) at the bottom and moves to supercomputers at the top,
mainframes are just below supercomputers. In some ways, mainframes are more
powerful than supercomputers because they support more simultaneous programs. But
supercomputers can execute a single program faster than a mainframe.
 Mini Computer 
 A midsized computer. In size and power, minicomputers lie
between workstations and mainframes. In the past decade, the distinction between
large minicomputers and small mainframes has blurred, however, as has the distinction
between small minicomputers and workstations. But in general, a minicomputer is a
multiprocessing system capable of supporting from 4 to about 200 users simultaneously.
 Micro Computer or Personal computer

 Desktop Computer: a personal or micro-mini computer sufficient to fit on a

desk.
 • Laptop Computer: a portable computer complete with an integrated
screen and keyboard. It is generally smaller in size than a desktop computer
and larger than a notebook computer.
 • Palmtop Computer/Digital Diary /Notebook /PDAs: a hand-sized
computer. Palmtops have no keyboard but the screen serves both as an
input and output device.
 Workstations

 A terminal or desktop computer in a network.In this context,

workstation is just a generic term for a user's machine (client machine)
in contrast to a "server" or "mainframe.
Types of computer
BASIC PARTS OF COMPUTER
The basic parts of a computer system are:

 Monitor
 CPU (Central Processing Unit)
 Keyboard
 Mouse
 Speakers
 Printer
Input Devices:
 Devices that help us put data into the computer are called input
devices. They help in giving instructions to the computer. Let us learn
about a few input devices.

Keyboard:
The keyboard is used for entering data into the
computer system. It can type words, numbers
and symbols.  More information of computer
keyboard 
 Mouse
 The mouse is a pointing device. You
can give input to the computer with the
help of the mouse. 
 Processing Device:
 All the inputs are stored, sorted, arranged and changed by
a computer. The device that helps a computer do so is
called the processing device. The processing device in a
computer is known as Central Processing Unit (CPU).
Output Devices:

 Theparts of a computer that help us to

show the results of processing are called
out devices. Let us learn about a few
output devices:
Monitor:
 
A monitor looks like a TV screen. It shows
whatever you type on the keyboard or draw with
the mouse.
Printer

A printer prints the results of your work from the computer

screen on a sheet of paper. This is called a printout.
 Speakers:
  
 The speakers are the output devices that produce different
types of sounds processed by the computer. You can listen
to songs or speeches stored in the computer with the help
of speakers.
Storage Devices:

 The parts of a computer which are used for storing data

are called. Storing data are called storage devices. They
help in storing any work done on a computer
permanently. Let us learn about a few storage devices.
Hard Disk:
 Inside the CPU there is a hard disk. It is made up of one or
more metallic disks. It stores a large amount of
information.
Compact Disc (CD):
 A CD stores many times more information than a floppy
disk. It works when it is inserted into the CD drive. The CD
drive is fixed in the CPU. Note: Not handling the CD
properly may result in loss of data stored.
All computer parts Glossary :
 Compact disc: It stores information many times more than a floppy
disk.
 CPU: The processing device in a computer.
 Data: It is the information given to the computer.
 Electronic machine: It is the machine that runs with the help of
electricity.
 Floppy disk: It stores a small amount of information.
 Hard disk: It stores a large amount of information.
 Headphones: The device for listening to the recorded sounds without
disturbing others
 Input devices: These help us put date into the computer.
 Joystick: It is used for playing computer games.
 Keyboard: This is used to enter data into the computer system.
 Microphone: It is used for recording sound.
 Monitor: It shows whatever you type on the keyboard or draw with
the mouse.
 Mouse: It is pointing device.
 Output devices: These help us to show the results of processing.
 Processing device: Helps to store, sort, arrange and change the
inputs on a computer.
 Scanner: It copies pictures and pages and turns into images that can
be saved on a computer.
 Speakers: These are used for listening to recorded sound.
 Storage devices: These are form the memory of the computer.
 Wed camera: It is used for taking live photos and videos.
BEST OF LUCK

THE END