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    Eye & Ear: Prof. Dr. Nasaruddin Abdul Aziz

    Uploaded by

    Saubie Aslamiah
    The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the eye and ear. It describes the three tunics that make up the eyeball - the fibrous, vascular and neural tunics. It also discusses the extraocular muscles, lens, vitreous body and retina. For the ear, it outlines the external, middle and inner ear, describing the auricle, tympanic membrane, ossicles, semicircular canals, vestibule and cochlea. The learning objectives are to understand the parts of the eyeball and ear and how they function.

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    Eye & Ear: Prof. Dr. Nasaruddin Abdul Aziz

    Uploaded by

    Saubie Aslamiah
    72 views53 pages
    The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the eye and ear. It describes the three tunics that make up the eyeball - the fibrous, vascular and neural tunics. It also discusses the extraocular muscles, lens, vitreous body and retina. For the ear, it outlines the external, middle and inner ear, describing the auricle, tympanic membrane, ossicles, semicircular canals, vestibule and cochlea. The learning objectives are to understand the parts of the eyeball and ear and how they function.

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    EYE & EAR

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    The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the eye and ear. It describes the three tunics that make up the eyeball - the fibrous, vascular and neural tunics. It also discusses the extraocular muscles, lens, vitreous body and retina. For the ear, it outlines the external, middle and inner ear, describing the auricle, tympanic membrane, ossicles, semicircular canals, vestibule and cochlea. The learning objectives are to understand the parts of the eyeball and ear and how they function.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    72 views53 pages

    Eye & Ear: Prof. Dr. Nasaruddin Abdul Aziz

    Uploaded by

    Saubie Aslamiah
    The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the eye and ear. It describes the three tunics that make up the eyeball - the fibrous, vascular and neural tunics. It also discusses the extraocular muscles, lens, vitreous body and retina. For the ear, it outlines the external, middle and inner ear, describing the auricle, tympanic membrane, ossicles, semicircular canals, vestibule and cochlea. The learning objectives are to understand the parts of the eyeball and ear and how they function.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 53

    EYE & EAR

    PROF. DR. NASARUDDIN ABDUL AZIZ


    CYBERJAYA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICAL
    SCIENCES
    www.cybermed.edu.my
    LEARNING OUTCOMES
    • At the end of this session, you should be able to
    – list the parts of the eyeball
    – describe briefly the parts of the eyeball
    – list the extraocular muscles
    – state the innervation of the extraocular muscles
    – list the 3 parts of the ear
    – describe briefly the parts of the ear
    EYEBALL
    • The eyeball is composed of 3 tunics (coats)
    – fibrous tunic
    – vascular tunic
    – neural tunic
    Tunica Fibrosa
    • Composed of
    – sclera
    – cornea
    Tunica Fibrosa – Sclera
    • White, opaque
    • Covers posterior 5/6 of the eyeball
    • Composed of tough fibrous connective tissue
    about 1 mm thick
    • Received attachments of tendons of
    extraocular muscles
    Tunica Fibrosa – Cornea
    • Transparent, avascular, highly innervated,
    colourless
    • Covers anterior 1/6 of eyeball
    Tunica Vasculosa
    • Middle tunic of the eye
    • Composed of 3 parts:
    – choroid
    – ciliary body
    – iris
    Tunica Vasculosa – Choroid
    • Pigmented posterior portion
    • Well-vascularised, pigmented
    • Rich in melanocytes
    Tunica Vasculosa – Ciliary body
    • Wedge-shaped extension of choroid
    • Rings the inner wall of the eye at the level of
    the lens
    • Composed of loose connective tissue
    • Anterior 1/3 of ciliary body has about 70
    ciliary processes
    • Fibres (suspensory ligaments of the lens)
    radiate out from ciliary processes to insert
    into the lens capsule
    • Contains smooth muscle
    Tunica Vasculosa – Iris
    • Coloured anterior extension of the choroid
    • Lies between the anterior chamber and
    posterior chamber of the eye
    • Completely covers the lens except at the
    pupillary aperture
    • Contains dilator pupillae and sphincter
    pupillae muscles
    • Imparts colour to the eye
    Lens
    • Transparent, biconvex disc located directly
    behind the pupil
    • Focuses light rays on the retina
    • Presbyopia – due to loss of elasticity of the
    lens
    • Cataract – lens becomes opaque
    Vitreous Body
    • Transparent, refractile gel that fills the cavity
    of the eye behind the lens
    • Composed mostly (90%) of water
    Neural Tunic – Retina
    • Third and innermost layer of the eyeball
    • Contains photoreceptor cells = rods & cones
    • Composed of outer pigmented layer and inner
    layer, the retina proper
    • Pigmented layer covers the entire internal
    surface of the eyeball
    • Retina proper stops at the ora serrata
    • Optic disk located on the posterior wall of the
    eyeball, is the exit site of optic nerve
    • No photoreceptor cells = blind spot of the
    retina
    • Approximately 2.5 mm lateral to the optic disk
    is a yellow pigmented zone = macula lutea
    • Located in the centre is fovea centralis, where
    visual acuity is greatest
    • Contains only cones
    • Layers of cells:
    – Pigmented epithelium
    – Rods and cones
    – Bipolar cells
    – Ganglion cell layer
    Extraocular Muscles
    • 7 muscles:
    – Superior rectus
    – Inferior rectus
    – Medial rectus
    – Lateral rectus
    – Superior oblique
    – Inferior oblique
    – Levator palpebrae suprioris
    EAR
    • External ear
    • Middle ear
    • Internal ear
    External Ear
    • Auricle
    • External auditory meatus (EAM)
    • Tympanic membrane (TM)
    • Auricle is composed of elastic cartilage
    • EAM is the canal that extends from the pinna to
    the TM
    • EAM is covered with skin containing hair follicles,
    sebaceous glands, modified sweat glands
    (ceruminous glands) which produce cerumen
    Middle ear
    • Tympanic cavity
    • Air-filled space located in petrous part of
    temporal bone
    • Communicates with the nasopharynx via the
    auditory tube (eustachian tube)
    • Contain the 3 bone ossicles:
    – malleus
    – incus
    – stapes
    • The ossicles are articulated in series by
    synovial joints
    • Malleus is attached to the TM
    • Stapes is attached to the oval window
    • 2 small muscles, tensor tympani & stapedius,
    modulate movements of the ossicles to
    prevent damage from loud sounds
    • Located on the medial wall are the oval
    window and round window
    Inner ear
    • Composed of
    – bony labyrinth
    – membranous labyrinth
    Bony labyrinth
    • Has 3 components
    – semicircular canals
    – vestibule
    – cochlea
    • Separated from membranous labyrinth by
    perilymphatic space
    Semicircular canals
    • The 3 semicircular canals (superior, lateral,
    posterior) are oriented 90ᵒ to one another
    • One end of each canal is enlarged = ampulla
    • All 3 semicircular canals arise and return to
    the vestibule
    • Suspended within the canals are semicircular
    ducts
    Vestibule
    • Vestibule is the central portion of the bony
    labyrinth
    • Located between anteriorly placed cochlea
    and the posteriorly placed semicircular canals
    • Houses membranous labyrinth known as
    utricle & saccule
    • Its lateral wall contains oval window (fenestra
    vestibuli) and round window (fenestra
    cochleae)
    Cochlea
    • Hollow bony spiral that turns upon itself 2½
    times around a central bony column known as
    modiolus
    Membranous labyrinth
    • Filled with endolymph
    • Composed of semicircular ducts, cohclear
    duct, utricle & saccule

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